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作 者:寇玲玲[1] 王国栋 李思瑶 于立芬[1] 刘继锋[1] 李倩[1] KOU Ling-ling;WANG Guo-dong;LI Si-yao;YU Li-fen;LIU Ji-feng;LI Qian(Xi’an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi 110054,China;不详)
机构地区:[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西710054 [2]西安市精神卫生中心
出 处:《现代预防医学》2021年第23期4245-4248,4271,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine
摘 要:目的分析西安市2011—2020年猩红热的流行病学特征,为提出针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"中的"传染病信息报告管理系统"模块搜集该市2011—2020年猩红热病例信息资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果西安市2011—2020年共报告猩红热病例10 455例,年均发病率11.38/10万,均为散发病例。除2020年发病数及发病率为近十年最低外,2011—2019年报告发病率整体呈上升趋势。猩红热发病具有明显的季节性特征,除2020年外,其余年份均呈现4—6月及10月至次年1月两个高峰。报告发病数列前三位的依次为雁塔区(1 627例)、未央区(1 446例)和长安区(1 398例)。发病以男性为主6 391例(61.13%),男女性别比为1.57∶1。各年份年龄分布趋势基本一致,发病主要集中在4~7岁组,累计发病7 017例(67.12%)。职业以幼托儿童和学生居多,发病数分别为4 457例(42.63%)和4 500例(43.04%)。报告病例以临床诊断病例为主10 240例(97.94%),实验室诊断比例呈逐年上升趋势。结论 2015—2019年西安市猩红热处于高流行期,幼托机构和小学是重点防控场所,应继续做好重点场所、重点人群和高发季节的监测管理,及早报告、有效处置,控制传染病的传播与蔓延。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Xi’an from 2011 to 2020, and to provide evidences for prevention and control strategies.Methods We collected the data of scarlet fever from 2011 to 2020 from China Information System For Disease Control And Prevention and analyzed these data by means of Descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 10 455 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Xi’an from 2011 to 2020, with an average annual incidence rate of 11.38/100 000, all of which were sporadic cases. In addition to the number of cases and the lowest incidence rate in 2020 in the past ten years, the reported incidence rates from 2011 to 2019 showed an overall upward trend. Except in 2020, the incidence of scarlet fever had obvious seasonal characteristics, which showed two peaks from April to June and from October to January of the next year. The top three reported cases were Yan Ta(1 627 cases), Wei Yang(1 446 cases) and Chang’an(1 398 cases). There were 6,391 males(61.13%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.57∶1. The age distribution trend of each year was consistent, and the incidence was concentrated in the 4-7 years old group, with a total of 7 017 cases(67.12%). Children in kindergarten and students were the most common occupation, with 4 457 cases(42.63%) and 4 500 cases(43.04%) respectively. Most of the reported cases were clinically diagnosed 10 240 cases(97.94%), and the proportion of laboratory diagnosis increased year by year. Conclusions Scarlet fever in Xi’an is in a period of high prevalence from 2015 to 2019. Kindergarten and primary schools are the hot spots. We should monitor key places, key populations and high incidence seasons. Early report and effective treatment are conducive to control these events timely.
分 类 号:R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R515.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]
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