2017年云南省720名常住居民血和尿中镉铬水平分析  

Cadmium and Chromium levels in blood and urine of 720 inhabitants in Yunnan, 2017

作　　者：张瑞仙[1] 杨建斌[1] 李建云[1] 张旭辉[1] 狄娟[1] 李晓琍[1] 栗旸[1] ZHANG Rui-xian;YANG Jian-bin;LI Jian-yun;ZHANG Xu-hui;DI Juan;LI Xiao-li;LI Yang(Department of Environmental Health,Yunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming,Yunnan 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第23期4392-4396,4412,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金(82060305)。

摘　　要：目的掌握云南省2017年常住居民血和尿中镉、铬水平及其地区和人群分布特征。方法通过多阶段分层随机抽样,云南省确定5个监测点,再按照"与规模成比例的概率抽样法"确定调查单元,最后根据年龄、性别分层,在常住居民中进行随机抽样。调查对象知情同意的前提下,采集其外周血和尿样,根据项目方案进行分装、转运与实验室检测。数据分析用SPSS 25.0,作图用GraphPad Prism 8。结果 2017年云南省共调查常住居民720人。外周血镉、铬浓度中位数分别为0.39μg/L、0.29μg/L,尿镉、铬分别为0.33μg/L、0.78μg/L;不同监测点间常住居民血铬(H=357.394,P<0.001)、尿铬浓度(H=278.771,P<0.001)均有统计学差异;城乡间居民血铬(Z=-14.070,P<0.001)、尿铬浓度(Z=-9.070,P<0.001)也均有差异;不同年龄层居民的血镉(H=321.487,P<0.001)、尿镉浓度(H=236.197,P<0.001)均有统计学差异,并表现出随年龄增长而升高的趋势;男性血镉、尿镉浓度均高于女性,(Z=-4.700,P<0.001)、(Z=-3.598 P<0.001)。结论云南省常住居民血镉低于全国一般人群,尿镉则相反;不同地区居民铬内暴露水平不同;乡村居民血铬高于城市;随着年龄增长,镉易蓄积体内;男性镉内暴露水平高于女性。Objective To investigate the levels of cadmium and chromium in blood and urine in normal residents and their distribution characteristics among regions and populations in Yunnan Province, 2017. Methods Five counties in Yunnan Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling, then the survey units were determined by using the method of the probability proportional to size(PPS) sampling. Finally, random sampling was conducted among normal residents after stratifying age and gender. On the premise of informed consent of the respondents, their peripheral venous blood and urine samples were collected, sub-packed, transported and laboratory-tested according to the plan of the project. SPSS25.0 was used for data analysis and GraphPad Prism 8 for graphing. Results A total of 720 residents were investigated. The median concentration of cadmium and chromium in peripheral blood were 0.39 μg/L and 0.29 μg/L, respectively. The median concentration of cadmium and chromium in urine were 0.33 μg/L and 0.78 μg/L, respectively. There was statistical difference among the chromium concentrations in blood(H=357.394, P<0.001) and urine(H=278.771, P<0.001) of the monitoring counties, as well as between urban and rural areas in blood(Z=-14.070, P<0.001) and urine(H=236.197, P<0.001). The cadmium concentrations in blood(H=321.487, P<0.001) and urine(H=236.197, P<0.001) were statistically significant among six age-groups, which showed increasing trends with residents’ age. The concentrations of cadmium in blood(Z=-4.700, P<0.001) and urine(Z=-3.598, P<0.001) of male were higher than those of female. Conclusion The blood cadmium of the permanent residents in Yunnan Province is lower than that of the general population in China, while the urinary cadmium is the opposite. Residents in different regions of Yunnan Province have different levels of chromium exposure. The blood chromium in rural residents is higher than in urban residents. Cadmium tends to accumulate in the body with ages. The internal exposure level of cad

关 键 词：生物监测 内暴露 镉 铬 

分 类 号：R113[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]