钢轨电磁超声SV波与表面波多维集成检测  

Multi-dimensional Integrated Detection of Electromagnetic Acoustic SV Wave and Surface Wave for Steel Rail

作　　者：涂君[1,2] 蔡卓越 张旭 宋小春 TU Jun;CAI Zhuoyue;ZHANG Xu;SONG Xiaochun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068;Key Lab.of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering,Wuhan 430068)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学机械工程学院,武汉430068 [2]现代制造质量工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430068

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2021年第18期42-48,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51707058,51807052);湖北省自然科学基金(2019CFA021)资助项目。

摘　　要：中国铁路总运营里程近14万km,大量钢轨服役时间较长,可能存在较多安全隐患。电磁超声作为一种非接触式、高穿透性的检测技术,可实现对钢轨的高效全面在线检测。然而,由于电磁超声存在换能效率低的问题,通常需要使用大功率激励装置来驱动其正常工作,单通道体积与功耗均较大。而钢轨由于承受恶劣环境的影响,需要一种能全面覆盖的高效低耗检测技术。因此,提出了一种面向钢轨的电磁超声垂直偏振剪切(Shear vertical,SV)波与表面波多维集成检测方法。结合SV波和表面波的共性,在单一电磁超声曲折线圈中加载含有两个不同频率段的脉冲信号进行激励,同时产生SV波和表面波,分别完成对钢轨轨头表面和轨腰缺陷的多维检测。通过有限元仿真和试验得出,本方法对人工加工的轨头表面刻槽和轨腰横通孔实现了同时检测,并利用分频滤波完成了两种缺陷信号的分离。所提出的电磁超声SV波与表面波多维集成检测不仅实现了对钢轨检测的低成本、高效率检测,还能够相互消除两种超声波检测技术的盲区,达到优势互补的目的。The total operating mileage of China’s railways is nearly 140 000 km, and a large number of rails have been in service for a long time, which may cause many potential safety hazards. As a non-contact and high penetration detection technology,electromagnetic acoustic can realize the efficient and comprehensive on-line detection of rail. However, due to low energy conversion efficiency, a high-power excitation device is usually needed to drive it to work normally, and the volume and power consumption of single channels are large. Due to the harsh environment, rail needs a high-efficiency and low-cost detection technology that can cover all aspects. Therefore, a multi-dimensional integrated detection method of electromagnetic acoustic shear vertical(SV) wave and surface wave for rail is proposed. Combined with the common characteristics of SV wave and surface wave, a single electromagnetic acoustic meander-line coil was loaded with pulse signals with two different frequencies to generate SV wave and surface wave simultaneously to complete the multi-dimensional detection of railhead surface and rail waist defects. Through the finite element simulation and experiment, it is concluded that the method could simultaneously detect the groove on the railhead surface and the through-hole on the rail waist and separate the two kinds of defect signals by frequency division filtering. The proposed multi-dimensional integrated detection of electromagnetic acoustic SV wave and surface wave could achieve low-cost and high-efficiency detection of rail and eliminate the blind areas of the two ultrasonic detection technologies, to achieve the purpose of complementary advantages.

关 键 词：电磁超声 钢轨 SV波 表面波 多维检测 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]