美国城市史研究的空间取向  

The Spatial Turn in American Urban History Research

作　　者：李文硕[1] Li Wenshuo

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学世界史系,200234

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2021年第6期103-115,160,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“多卷本《西方城市史》”(项目编号:17ZDA139)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国城市史研究发端于20世纪40年代,在六七十年代迅速发展,80年代以后遇到领域界限模糊、研究者认同感下降等问题,但同时也有更多的历史学家开始关注城市。在围绕城市历史多重维度的研究中,空间成为一个重要的主题。这既是受到了西方社会科学,尤其是新马克思主义“空间转向”的影响,也体现了美国城市空间变化在学术界的回响。美国城市史研究的空间取向表现在两个方面:在研究主题上,空间不再仅仅是研究对象所在的场地,空间本身就是研究对象;在研究尺度上,跨国史路径介入城市史研究,人员、物资、资本和信息的流动将观察城市历史的视野拓展到民族国家的界限之外。空间研究既加深了对城市问题的理解,也拓宽了城市史的范围,这对中国的美国城市史研究不乏借鉴意义。American urban history research originated in the 1940s and developed rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s.Since then,few historians have identified themselves as urban historians,while an increasing number of them began to pay attention to cities.Space has become an important topic in numerous studies.This is not only because of the influence of the“spatial turn”in Western studies of social sciences,especially neo-Marxism,hut also a reflection of urban spatial changes in the academia of the United States.American urban history research has turned to space in the following two aspects:on the subject of research,space is no longer the site where research objects are located,hut space itself also becomes the object of the research;on the scale of research,historians are adopting a transnational approach to understanding urban history through the flowing of personnel,materials,capital,and information.The spatial turn has not only deepened the understanding of urban issues,but also broadened the scope of urban history.It is a good source of reference for studies of American urban history in China.

关 键 词：美国城市史 空间 跨国史 城市研究 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学] D771.2[历史地理—世界史] C912.81[政治法律—政治学]