海浪河细鳞鲑食性研究  

Feeding Habits of Lenok Brachymystax lenok in Hailang River

作　　者：宋聃[1] 都雪[1] 王慧博 黄晓丽[1] 王乐[1] 张澜澜 邵长浩 霍堂斌[1] SONG Dan;DU Xue;WANG Huibo;HUANG Xiaoli;WANG Le;ZHANG Lanlan;SHAO Changhao;HUO Tangbin(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Heilongjiang Province General Station of Aquatic Technology Promotion,Harbin 150010,China;Northeast Agriculture University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]黑龙江省水产技术推广总站,黑龙江哈尔滨150010 [3]东北农业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨15003

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2021年第6期11-17,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(细鳞鲑多尺度栖息地选择机制研究LH2019C070);农财物种保护项目(黑龙江重点水域生态环境研究2019-HLJ-01).

摘　　要：2019年1月、5月、7月和10月,用定制多网目三层复合刺网于松花江二级支流的海浪河长汀以上河段采集细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok成鱼样本132尾,分析其食性。结果显示:细鳞鲑的食物组成以水生昆虫中的毛翅目和襀翅目,以及小型鲤科鱼类为主;饵料生物中水生昆虫和小型鱼类的质量分别为44.91%和38.61%;主食种类为洛氏鱥Phoxinus lagowskii、萨卡林大石蝇Pteronarcys sachalina和大石蝇Pteronarcys sp.成虫。结果发现:细鳞鲑摄食强度存在季节性变化,摄食高峰期为夏季和秋季(5月和7月),摄食率分别为94.29%和95.56%,充塞度等级大于Ⅲ的个体比例秋季最高(66.67%),春季繁殖期具有停止摄食的行为特征(空肠率83.33%)。Food items were analyzed in 132 samples of adult lenok Brachymystax lenok collected from the Hailang River above Changting,a secondary tributary of the Songhua River,by custom-made multi-mesh three-layer gillnets in January,May,July and October 2019 to provide basic data support for the resource protection and utilization of this endangered rare cold-water fish species.It was found that the lenok fed mainly aquatic insects in order of Trichoptera and Plecoptera and small fish in Cypriniformes,accounting for 44.91%in aquatic insects and 38.61%in small fish in volume.Amur minnow Phoxinus lagowskii,and insects Pteronarcys sachalina and adult Pteronarcus sp.were found to be the main food species in the stomach of adult lenok in Hailang River.There is a seasonal change in the feeding intensity of adult lenok,with the peak in summer(94.29%)and autumn(95.56%).There was the maximal proportion of individuals with a fullness level greater thanⅢin autumn(66.67%),stopping feeding during the reproductive period in spring(empty intestine rate of 83.33%).

关 键 词：细鳞鲑 海浪河 食性 水生昆虫 

分 类 号：S965.232[农业科学—水产养殖]