滴灌施肥方式下不同品种梨树减肥提质增效研究  

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction With Improving Quality and Increasing Efficiency by Different Pear Trees Under Drip Fertigation

作　　者：吴中营[1] 谢昶琰 魏树伟[3] 董彩霞 王少敏[3] 王东升[1] WU Zhongying;XIE Changyan;WEI Shuwei;DONG Caixia;WANG Shaomin;WANG Dongsheng(Institute of Horticulture,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;Agricultural Resources,Environment,Soil and Fertilizer Research Center.Huai'an Institute of Agricultural Science,Xuhuai District,Jiangsu P.R.,Huai'an,Jiangsu 223001;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai,an,Shangdong 271000;Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes/Exlucational Ministry Engineering Center of Resourc-saving Fertilizers,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,农业资源环境与土壤肥料研究中心,江苏淮安223001 [3]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [4]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省有机固体废弃物协同创新中心,教育部资源节约型肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第22期14-21,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发资助项目(2018YFD0201400);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-28);现代果园灌溉施肥精准管理关键技术研究与示范资助项目(2018CXGC0208);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2018389);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队资助项目(2021TD25);河南省中央引导地方科技发展专项资助项目。

摘　　要：以早熟品种‘中梨1号’和中熟品种‘圆黄’为试材,在2017—2018年和2018—2019年梨的2个生育周期中,以习惯施肥为对照(T0),设置单倍滴灌施肥量(D1)和单倍滴灌加倍(D2)2个施肥水平,研究不同施肥方式和用量对果实养分、产量和品质等的影响,以期为水肥一体化技术在梨生产中的推广提供参考依据。结果表明:习惯施肥和单倍滴灌处理下不同施肥处理‘中梨1号’和‘圆黄’果实矿质养分含量随生育期变化趋势一致,均在幼果期处于较高值,处理间无显著差异。‘中梨1号’单倍滴灌处理在2个生育周期产量均较高,其商品果株产量平均值与滴灌加倍处理无差异,滴灌加倍处理下果实可溶性固形物含量提高。‘圆黄’单倍滴灌处理株产量与习惯施肥间和滴灌加倍处理相比无显著差异,但可溶性固形物含量有低于习惯施肥和滴灌加倍处理的趋势,表明水肥一体化技术中较少的水溶肥用量可以保证产量不降低,但对维持较高的果实品质需要较多的肥料供应。滴灌施肥方式所施用的肥料用量和肥料投入成本均显著低于施肥枪施肥方式。因此,通过水肥一体化模式的应用能够实现节水减肥、提高果实产量和改善品质,生产中可根据果园实际情况,采用适宜的水肥一体化技术模式,实现树高产、高效和优质的目标。The early ripening variety ‘Zhongli No.1’ and the medium ripening variety ‘Wonhwang’ pear tree materials of Henan Province were used as experiment materials.During the two growth cycles of 2017—2018 and 2018—2019,three fertilization levels of conventional fertilization(T0),single-fold drip irrigation(D1) and double drip irrigation(D2) were conducted to study the effects of different application amounts of fertilizer on fruit nutrients, yield and quality, in order to provide a reference for the promotion of water and fertilizer integrated technology in pear production.The results showed that the mineral nutrient contents of ‘Zhongli No.1’ and ‘Wonhwang’ pear fruits under different fertilization treatments had the same trend with the growth stage, and were all at a high value at the young fruit stage, and there was no significant difference between treatments.The yield of ‘Zhongli No.1’ under single-fold drip irrigation was higher than that under double drip irrigation, and there was no difference between single-fold drip irrigation and that under double drip irrigation in the average yield of commercial fruit plants.The soluble solid content of fruit under double drip irrigation was increased.The yield of ‘Wonhwang’ under single-fold drip irrigation was no significant difference to that under double drip irrigation and the conventional fertilization, but the soluble solids content was lower than the conventional fertilization and double drip irrigation, showed that less dosage of water soluble fertilizer could guarantee the normal production, but to maintain high fruit quality needed more fertilizer supply.The fertilizer amount and input cost of drip irrigation were significantly lower than that of using fertilizer applicator.In conclusion, drip fertigation management increased yield and fruit quality of different orchards in different ecological regions significantly.It got the purpose of saving water and reducding fertilizer applied amount.And the fruit production should use appropria

关 键 词：滴灌 梨树 水肥一体化 产量和品质 提质增效 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]