胚挽救创造无核抗寒葡萄新种质  

Embryo Rescue Technique Create New Seedless,Cold-resistant Grapevines Germplasm

作　　者：玉赛赛 李莎莎 骆强伟 徐炎[1,2,3] 王跃进 YU Saisai;LI Shasha;LUO Qiangwei;XU Yan;WANG Yuejin(College of Horticulture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling.Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Grapes and Melons on the Research in Xinjiang,Shanshan,Xinjiang 838200)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]农业农村部西北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第22期29-37,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目。

摘　　要：以欧洲无核葡萄品种、抗寒性强的中国野生山葡萄后代欧山品种"左优红"和"北冰红"及其它抗寒材料为大田杂交试验材料,在胚败育前采取杂交幼果,在无菌条件下采用离体胚挽救方法获得杂种后代,并对杂种幼苗进行分子标记辅助选择,初步筛选出无核抗寒葡萄新材料。研究了杂种胚珠取样时间、亲本基因型、胚萌发培养基中添加不同种类及浓度氨基酸等对胚挽救效率的影响,以期提高无核抗寒葡萄胚挽救育种效率。结果表明:获得235个杂交植株,以"红宝石无核"和"昆香无核"为母本的杂交组合胚挽救效果较好,适宜在无核葡萄胚挽救中作母本。在幼胚离体发育阶段的MM3培养基中添加谷氨酰胺对胚挽救效果较好。无核分子标记SCF27-2000检测出32个植株携带无核特异性条带;抗寒分子标记S241-717和S238-800检测出38个植株携带抗寒特异性条带。The European seedless grape varieties and the progeny of cold-hardy Chinese wild Vitis amurensis crossed with‘Zuoyouhong’and‘Beibinghong’,as well as other cold resistant materials were used as female and male parents to hybrid in the field.Immature berries were gathered before embryo abortion,and hybrid progenies were obtained in vitro embryo rescue.Additionally,the molecular markers were applied to screen the new seedless and cold resistance grape from hybrid seedling.To improve the efficiency of breeding seedless and cold resistance grapes by embryo rescue,the factors of hybrid ovules sampling time,parental genotype,different kinds and concentrations of amino acids in embryo germination medium were studied,in order to improve embryo rescue efficiency of cold-resistant grapevine.The results showed that 235 hybrid plants were obtained.The hybridization combination of‘Ruby Seedless’and‘Kunxiang Seedless’as the parent had better embryo rescue efficiency and were more suitable as the parent in seedless grape embryo rescue.It was better for embryo rescue efficiency to add glutamine on MM3 at the isolated developmental stage.There were 32 hybrids carried specific bands detected by seedless molecular marker SCF27-2000,38 hybrids carried specific bands detected by cold resistant molecular markers S241-717 and S238-800.

关 键 词：葡萄 胚挽救 无核性状 抗寒性状 分子标记 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]