信息生态设计者:数字新闻治理的第三种规范性站位  

Information Ecology Designer: A Third Normative Position of Digital Journalism Governance

作　　者：仇筠茜[1] Qiu Yunxi(School of Journalism,Communication University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学新闻学院,北京100024

出　　处：《新闻界》2021年第12期69-78,共10页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：国家社科青年项目“人工智能时代新闻生产的边界重构与价值观引领研究”(19CXW008);国家留学基金委资助。

摘　　要：全球化的数字新闻业态中,媒介伦理的规范性理论受假消息、仇恨言论、价值极化的挑战。重建数字新闻治理的规范理论,需对治理主体(谁治理)、治理原则(怎么治理)和治理站位(治理主体间关系)做出阐明,并重点考察社交媒体平台在数字新闻治理中的角色。分析推特(Twitter)和脸书(Facebook)两大平台的内容治理,本文归纳出平台数字新闻治理的两种规范性站位,而且在全球化进程中表现出从"协调者"向"规制者"站位的偏移,但无奈却引出了更严重的价值协调困境。鉴于此,"(信息生态)设计者"(Designer)作为数字新闻治理的第三种规范性站位被提出,该站位倡导以新闻真实和公共价值为前提,以"主体责任链条"透析新闻伦理困境中的主体责任,重视"参与的透明度"的程序及机制建设,并结合具体语境持续就分层与分布、规制与协调、全球与地方张力做出可解释的、负责任的权衡。The spread of fake news,hate speech,value polarization and globalization are posing challenges towards the normative theories of media ethics in current digital news ecosystems.Efforts of rebuilding the normative framework require clarification of the governance agency(who governs to what extent),governance principles(how to govern),and governance position(relationship among agents).This thesis then employ two case studies,namely,Twitter shut down@real Donald Trump account(2021)and Facebook’s role in violence against Myanmar Rohingya people(2016-2018),to analyze the role of social media platforms plays in digital news governance.We concluded that platform adopts two normative positions in content governance:"coordinator"and"regulator".In the process of globalization,platform governance has shifted their position from the former to the latter,yet yield to more ethical dilemmas.In view of this,a third normative position of"(information ecology)designer"is proposed to advocates three governance ideas.Firstly,the premise of truth-seeking and public responsibility,which is the start point of designing,should never compromised.Secondly,"three stage responsibility chain"can be used as a model of accountability reasoning.Thirdly,"transparent participation"is raised as a modification of transparency and objectivity as a guiding principle,according to which a accountable designer/governoris expected to make explainable and responsible trade-offs among stratification/distribution agency,regulation versus coordination,and globalization versus localization in a context-rich manner.

关 键 词：数字新闻 新闻规范 设计 价值观 透明性 平台媒体 假新闻 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]