基于多目标的二冲程发动机换气过程优化  

Gas exchange process of two-stroke engine based on multi-objective optimization

作　　者：胡春明[1,2] 田梦园 刘娜[1] 宋玺娟[1] HU Chunming;TIAN Mengyuan;LIU Na;SONG Xijuan(Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学内燃机研究所,天津300072 [2]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2021年第11期2241-2250,共10页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51476112)。

摘　　要：二冲程航空活塞发动机的换气过程直接影响燃烧效果和发动机性能,以某二冲程航空活塞发动机为例,建立仿真模型,基于动力性能、经济性能、扫气性能进行多目标优化,对扫气道、排气道结构参数的不同组合优化分析。另外,还对不同海拔工况点下(转速为5 600 r/min,100%节气门开度)的气道结构参数进行优化。结论表明:使用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对发动机气道结构的优化可以有效提高扫气效率和功率,优化后(转速为5 600 r/min)分别为0.841 kW和2.712 kW,燃油消耗率降低22.08 g/(kW·h);另外,在不同海拔工况点中,随着海拔高度的增加扫气道长度呈现出减短的趋势,而排气道长度逐渐增加,且在海拔高度大于1 800 m时趋势变化更加明显。The gas exchange process of two-stroke aviation piston engine directly affects the combustion effect and the performance of the engine. Taking a two-stroke aviation piston engine as an example, a simulation model was established, and multi-objective optimization based on dynamic performance,economic performance,and scavenging performance was conducted. The optimization analysis of structure parameters of scavenging ducts and exhaust ducts was also per-formed. In addition,the parameters of the ducts structure under different altitude operating condi-tions(speed of 5 600 r/min, 100% throttle opening)were optimized. The conclusion showed that the optimization of the engine ducts structure using the NSGA -Ⅱ algorithm can effectively improve the engine scavenging efficiency and power(speed of 5 600 r/min), by 0. 841 kW and2. 712 kW respectively,and reduce the fuel consumption by 22. 08 g/( kW · h);in addition,un-der different altitude operating conditions,as the altitude increased,the length of the scavenging duct showed a trend of decrease, while the length of the exhaust duct gradually increased, and the trend changed more obviously when the altitude was greater than 1 800 m.

关 键 词：多目标 仿真性能优化 二冲程 换气过程 压力波动 

分 类 号：V234.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]