油气上游业务温室气体排放现状与碳中和路径分析  

Greenhouse gas emission status of oil and gas upstream business and analysis on carbon neutrality path

作　　者：刘殊呈 粟科华[1] 李伟[1] 高安荣[1] 姚尧 韩雨曦 寇忠 LIU Shucheng;SU Kehua;LI Wei;GAO Anrong;YAO Yao;HAN Yuxi;KOU Zhong(Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute;Sinopec Engineering Incorporation)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院 [2]中国石化工程建设有限公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2021年第11期22-33,共12页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：截至2021年10月,在全球最大的31家油气企业中,已有24家企业公布了碳中和目标,其中18家企业明确了上游业务的减排任务,上游温室气体排放强度年平均递减率为2.71%。各公司上游排放强度差别明显,碳中和目标内容与范围的差异也较大。石油公司上游板块转型措施包括加快发展天然气产业、减少逸散排放、控制常规燃烧、碳封存、发展可再生能源等,转型路径分为全速转型、积极转型、渐进转型。与国际领先油气企业相比,当前中国油气企业受资源禀赋和技术发展水平影响,上游温室气体排放强度较高,要从技术进步和提高管理水平两方面着手降低碳排放强度,并制定详细的减排计划;在制定碳中和目标时,必须优先充分考虑上游板块的减排潜力,使上游业务先于企业整体完成碳中和目标;在减排过程中针对不同类型的油气资产参考不同的实施路径,施行"一企一策"。24 companies have announced their carbon neutrality targets among the 31 largest oil and gas companies in the world and 18 of them have specified their emission reduction tasks of upstream businesses in detail by the end of October2021.The annual average decline rate of greenhouse gas emission intensity is 2.71%,the upstream emission intensity of each company varies significantly,and the content and scope of carbon neutrality target are also quite different.The transformation measures of oil companies in the upstream include accelerating the development of the natural gas industry,reducing fugitive emissions,controlling regular combustion,sequestering carbon,and developing renewable energy.The transformation paths would see full-speed transformation,active transformation,and gradual transformation.Compared with international leading oil and gas companies,China’s oil and gas companies’current upstream greenhouse gas emission intensity is comparatively high restricted by resource endowments and technological development.It is necessary to reduce carbon emission intensity from improving both technology advancement and management level,and formulate detailed emission reducing plans.When formulating carbon neutrality targets,the priority must be given to the reduction potential of the upstream business,make it the first part to achieve the targets of the whole company.Meanwhile,the approach of"different companies,different policies"is to consider different processing paths for different types of oil and gas assets.

关 键 词：油气行业 上游业务 温室气体 碳中和 能源转型 转型路径 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]