信念与理性:韦伯理论中的社会主义问题再探  

Faith and Rationality:Revisiting the Socialism Issues in Weber’s Theory

作　　者：刘涛[1] Liu Tao(Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《宁夏社会科学》2021年第6期136-145,共10页NingXia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“社会流动对民众政治信任的影响及其中介效应研究”(项目编号:19CSH040);河南社会组织参与社区居家养老服务的责任体系优化研究(项目编号:2020BSH006)。

摘　　要：理解社会主义是社会学的重要议题,其中韦伯的讨论构成重要的理论路径。韦伯刻画了当时社会主义运动发展的整体图景,并在此基础上指出了社会主义在行动以及组织形态层面的内涵特征,即价值理性行动与理性官僚制。对社会主义内涵特征的分析,韦伯始终秉承的是社会科学的经验视角。在这一视野下,韦伯承认社会主义作为信念价值的有效性,也暗含希望社会主义者以理性的态度对待社会主义并以责任伦理指导政治行动的主张。韦伯对社会主义的判断忽视了社会主义民主对理性官僚制的制约作用因而对两者关系的认识存在一定偏误,但他对社会主义的考察在研究视角上依然具有重要学术价值,构成了一种不同于意识形态讨论的分析路径,对拓展社会主义的研究思路具有重要的启发价值,同时也启示在真诚承诺社会主义信念价值的基础上要落实理性认知,从而在信念与理性之间找到平衡。Comprehending socialism is an important issue for sociology,and Weber’s theory is an important analytical perspective.Weber depicts the overall picture of the development of the socialism movement at that time and clarifies the conation of socialism from the social action and organizational form which is value rationality action and rational bureaucracy.Weber’s analysis of the substantive connotation of socialism is essentially based on his social science theory,which confirmed the effectiveness of value,and advocated an attitude of rational and the“Ethic of Responsibility”to socialists.Weber’s judgment on socialism ignores the restrictive effect of socialist democracy on rational bureaucracy,so there is a certain misunderstanding of the relationship between them,while his research which based on the social science has important academic significance that is an important analytical perspective different from ideology,therefore,there will be inspirational value for expanding socialism research ideas.At the same time,it also enlightens that rational cognition should be implemented on the basis of sincere commitment to the value of socialist belief,so as to find a balance between belief and rationality.

关 键 词：马克斯·韦伯 社会主义 社会科学 责任伦理 

分 类 号：C91-09[经济管理]