我国乌骨鸡品种遗传多样性和品种鉴定  

Genetic Diversity and Breed Identification of Chinese Black Bone Chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus)

作　　者：贾晓旭[1] 陆俊贤[1] 唐修君[1] 樊艳凤[1] 黄胜海[1] 葛庆联[1] 高玉时[1] JIA Xiao-Xu;LU Jun-Xian;TANG Xiu-Jun;FAN Yan-Feng;HUANG Sheng-Hai;GE Qing-Lian;GAO Yu-Shi(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science,Yangzhou 225125,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所,扬州225125

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2021年第12期2312-2319,共8页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31672382;31501917;31702079;31372277);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-41);江苏省公益类科研院所自主科研项目(BM2018026)。

摘　　要：乌骨鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)是我国优良的鸡遗传资源,具有一定药用价值。研究我国乌骨鸡品种的遗传多样性和品种鉴定,对于品种的保护具有重要意义。本研究对丝羽乌骨鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡、金湖乌凤鸡、余干乌骨鸡和竹丝鸡等5个乌骨鸡品种的197个个体的线粒体DNA的D-loop区全序列进行了检测。结果表明,5个乌骨鸡品种的D-loop区序列全长为1231~1232 bp,1231 bp的序列在859 bp处存在1处单碱基缺失位点。共计检测到27个核苷酸多态位点,界定了18个单倍型。单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性和平均核苷酸差异分别为0.862±0.013、0.00580±0.00107和7.137。中介网络图分析显示,5个乌骨鸡品种含有A、B、C和E共4个分支(单倍型类群),但各单倍型散布在不同品种中,形态学和地理格局分布不明显。遗传距离分析表明,竹丝鸡和丝羽乌骨鸡遗传距离较远。我国乌骨鸡有4个母系来源,遗传多样性相对较低。该研究结果为我国乌骨鸡遗传资源的保护、选育和鉴定工作提供了遗传背景信息。Black bone chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)are excellent indigenous chicken resources in China and commonly believed to have medicinal properties.The study on the genetic diversity and breed identification of the black bone chickens is of great significance for genetic conservation.For this study,the complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences of 197 chickens from 5 breeds(Silkie,Dongxiang Blueeggshell,Jinhu Black-bone,Yugan Black-bone and Zhu Si)were analyzed.The size of full-length chicken mtDNA D-loop of 5 black bone breeds were 1231 to 1232 bp,with a single-base deletion from the 859 bp site in the 1231 bp sequences.A total of 27 variable sites that defined 18 haplotypes were identified.The average haplotype diversity,nucleotide diversity and mean number of nucleotide differences were 0.862±0.013,0.00580±0.00107 and 7.137,respectively.The median network showed that genetic structure of the mtDNA haplotypes of black bone chickens were distributed across 4 clades(haplogroups):Clades A,B,C,and E.However,haplogroups were dispersed in different breeds,and the distribution of morphology and geographical pattern was not obvious.This study data suggested that genetic distance between Zhu Si and Silkie was longer than the other breeds,which verified that Zhu Si chickens were hybridized from fastgrowing broiler as maternal line.Chinese black bone chicken had relatively lower genetic diversity and likely shared 4 common maternal lineages.The results could be used as a reference for preservation,improvement and identification of Chinese black bone chickens.

关 键 词：乌骨鸡 线粒体DNA 遗传多样性 品种鉴定 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]