核医学工作人员甲状腺^(131)I内照射风险评估  

Risk assessment for thyroid ^(131)I exposure among nuclear medical staff

作　　者：张燕[1] 郑琪珊 黄丽华[1] 郑森兴[1] 魏伟奇 Zhang Yon;Zheng Qishan;Huang Lihua;Zheng Senxing;Wei Weiqi(Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Posioning,Fuzhou 350025,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省职业病与化学中毒预防控制中心,福州350025

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2021年第11期851-854,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探索导致核医学工作人员甲状腺碘-131(^(131)I)内照射的主要危险因素,对工作人员甲状腺^(131)I内照射风险进行评估。方法于2019年3至10月,以整群抽样方法收集2018年度福建省开展^(131)I核素诊疗的21家核医学单位资料,对^(131)I自动分装仪数量、^(131)I甲状腺癌(甲癌)和甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)及肝癌治疗人数、核医学工作人员数量、执业类别、^(131)I操作情况和轮岗情况进行调查,并对其中20家开展^(131)I甲癌和甲亢诊断治疗的医院进行场所^(131)I气溶胶检测和工作人员甲状腺^(131)I直接测量。分析核医学工作人员甲状腺^(131)I内照射的主要危险因素,并建立内照射风险评估模型。结果20家医院核医学监督区^(131)I气溶胶的检出率为80.0%(16/20),工作人员甲状腺^(131)I检出率为25.5%(62/243)。工作人员近10个有效半减期内参与^(131)I的分装和给药、核医学科监督区^(131)I气溶胶的活度浓度、^(131)I甲癌和^(131)I甲亢治疗人数是核医学工作人员甲状腺^(131)I内照射的主要危险因素(OR=5.857、6.808、1.983、1.150,P<0.05)。结论核医学工作人员^(131)I内照射暴露普遍存在,应当重视对核医学工作人员内照射的防护,加强主要危险因素的控制。Objective To explore the main risk factors and to assess the risk of thyroid ^(131)I exposure among nuclear medical workers.Methods From March to October in 2019,cluster sampling was adopted to collect the number of ^(131)I automatic packer and patients treated for thyroid cancer,hyperthyroidism and liven cancer used ^(131)I,the practicing categories,job rotation and ^(131)I operation condition of nuclear medical staff were also investegated in the 21 nuclear medicine hospitals in Fujian Province that carried out ^(131)I nuclide diagnosis and treatment in 2018.^(131)I aerosol and personnel thyroid ^(131)I were measured in 20 hospitals using ^(131)I for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism.The main risk factors leading to thyroid ^(131)I exposure of nuclear medical staff were found and aninternal exposure risk assessment model was established.Results The detection rate of ^(131)I aerosol and personnel thyroid ^(131)I were 80.0%(16/20)and 25.5%(62/243)in 20 hospitals.The situation of packaging and administration about ^(131)I in the nearly 10 effective half-life,the concentration of ^(131)I aerosol in the nuclear medicine workplace,the number of patients treated with ^(131)I for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism were the main risk factors leading to thyroid ^(131)I internal exposure(OR=5.857,6.808,1.983,1.150,P<0.05).Conclusion ^(131)I exposure is common among nuclear medical workers,attention should be paid to the protection of internal radiation,strengthen the control of main risk factors,so as to reduce the risk of internal radiation.

关 键 词：核医学 碘-131 内照射 气溶胶 甲状腺 风险评估 

分 类 号：R818[医药卫生—放射医学]