秋水仙素诱导蝴蝶兰原球茎产生多倍体研究  

Polyploid Induction of Phalaenopsis Protocorms via Colchicine Treatment

作　　者：吴婷[1] 朱俊 杨佳慧 葛红[2] 杨树华[2] 赵鑫[2] 于晓南[1] 贾瑞冬[2] WU Ting;ZHU Jun;YANG Jiahui;GE Hong;YANG Shuhua;ZHAO Xin;YU Xiaonan;JIA Ruidong(Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100081;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第11期2463-2469,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001003)。

摘　　要：为探究秋水仙素处理对蝴蝶兰染色体加倍的效果,本研究以蝴蝶兰杂交组合H-03(2n=2x=38)的原球茎为材料,采用共培法诱导多倍体,秋水仙素浓度分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%,处理时间分别为5、10、15 d。结果表明,0.05%浓度的秋水仙素处理15 d效果最佳,变异率为50.00%,变异株存活率为30.00%;对处理后的植株进行流式细胞仪鉴定和染色体压片分析,发现变异株存在大量嵌合体;与对照相比,变异株形态特征表现为植株矮化、叶色加深、叶片表面粗糙、叶片变大、叶片偏短或偏圆等,部分植株表现出植株畸形或叶片扭曲;气孔观测结果表明,变异株气孔偏圆,单位面积气孔数减少,气孔增大,长、宽较对照分别增长76.45%、38.99%。本研究结果为蝴蝶兰体细胞无性系变异新品种的培育提供了参考。In order to explore the effect of colchicine on chromosome polyploidization of Phalaenopsis, protocorms of Phalaenopsis H-03(2 n=2 x=38) were used as the materials to induce polyploid by colchicine with mixed culture in this study. Colchicine concentrations in the medium were 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and the duration of co-culture was 5, 10, and 15 d respectively. The results showed that the most efficient condition for inducing mutation was treated with 0.05% colchicine for 15 d, which resulted in about 30.00% surviving plants and 50.00% mutated plants. The results measured by flow cytometry and root-tip squash indicated that a large number of chimeras among mutants after treatment. Compared with the control plant, the mutants showed dwarfed, with dark green, rough surface, broad leaves, short or round leaves. Some mutant plants also had abnormal and twisted leaves. The observation of stomata showed that the shape of stomata were rounder, the number of stomata per unit area decreased and the size of stomata are larger in mutants than that in the control, and the length and width of the stomata of mutants were increased by 76.45% and 38.99%, respectively. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for breeding new varieties of Phalaenopsis.

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰 原球茎 秋水仙素 共培法 多倍体 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]