抽穗扬花期低温胁迫对双季晚稻生理特性的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature Stress at Flowering Stage on Physiological Characteristics of Double Cropping Late Rice

作　　者：李辰彦 李祖军 田雪飞 方加海[1] 石庆华[1] 曾勇军[1] 李辉婕[1,2] 吴自明[1] LI Chenyan;LI Zujun;TIAN Xuefei;FANG Jiahai;SHI Qinghua;ZENG Yongjun;LI Huijie;WU Ziming(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;College of Humanities and Public Management,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;Rice Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学人文与公共管理学院,江西南昌330045 [3]贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第11期2634-2644,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71963020、31760350);江西省主要学科学术与技术带头人培养计划(20204BCJL22044);江西省自然科学基金(20202BABL205020、20181BAA208055);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0301102)。

摘　　要：为探究抽穗扬花期低温胁迫对不同晚稻品种生理特性的影响,本研究以2个耐冷品种(岳优27、昌粳225)和2个冷敏感品种(泰丰优208、黄华占)为试验材料,于抽穗扬花期在人工气候室进行低温处理,分析其光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、穗部性状与稻米品质等。结果表明,随着低温处理时间的延长,各晚稻品种花粉活力均降低,除过氧化氢酶(CAT)外的抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)及可溶性蛋白(SP)含量都有不同程度的增加,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和SP含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,而CAT活性呈先降低后增加的趋势,结实率和千粒重呈降低趋势。低温胁迫也会影响稻米品质及稻米RVA值,具体表现为随着低温处理时间的延长,各晚稻品种精米率降低,垩白粒率、垩白度和胶稠度增加,直链淀粉与粗蛋白含量呈先增加后降低的趋势;峰值黏度、崩解值逐渐降低,冷胶黏度、回复值和消减值逐渐升高。相较于冷敏感品种泰丰优208和黄华占,耐冷品种岳优27和昌粳225的抗氧化酶活性和SP含量较高,MDA含量较低;结实率和千粒重降低幅度较小,花粉活性降低幅度也较小,其中在第5天昌粳225降幅最小,为4.38%;稻米品质中精米率、垩白粒率、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量变化幅度较小,而垩白度增加幅度较大,RVA谱中峰值黏度降低幅度较大,热浆黏度反应较慢,而冷胶黏度和回复值较先达到最大值,崩解值和消解值的变化幅度较小。综上,耐冷品种岳优27和昌粳225抽穗扬花期相较于冷敏感品种泰丰优208和黄华占表现出较强耐受低温胁迫的能力。本研究结果可为抽穗扬花期耐低温双季晚稻的选育与栽培提供一定的理论参考。In order to explore the effects of low temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of different late rice varieties at the heading and floweringstage, two cold tolerant varieties Yueyou27 and Changjing225 and two cold sensitive varieties Taifengyou 208 and Huanghuazhan were used as experimental materials in this study.They were subjected to low temperature treatment in an artificial climate chamber during the heading and flowering stages, and natural growth was used as control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, panicle characters and rice quality were analyzed. The results showed that the pollen activity of all late rice varieties decreased, antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA content and SP content increased to varying degrees, SOD and SP content increased at first and then decreased, while the CAT activity decreased first and then increased, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased. Low temperature stress also affected rice quality and rice RVA value. Specifically, the milled rice percentage decreased, while the chalky grain percentage, chalky degree and gel consistency increased with the prolongation of low temperature treatment time while the contents of amylose and crude protein increased first and then decreased. The peak viscosity and disintegration value decreased gradually, while the viscosity, recovery value and reduction value of cold adhesive increased gradually. Compared with the cold-sensitive varieties Taifengyou 208 and Huanghuazhan, the cold-tolerant varieties Yueyou 27 and Changjing 225 had higher antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content, but MDA content was lower. The seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight decreased slightly, while the pollen activity decreased slightly. Among them, Changjing 225 had the smallest decrease of 4.38% on the fifth day. The milled rice percentage, chalky grain percentage, gel consistency, amylose content and protein content of rice quality changed slightly, while the chalky degree increased significantly. However, peak viscosi

关 键 词：双季晚稻 低温胁迫 抽穗扬花期 抗氧化酶 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]