气体示踪技术在盐穴地下储气库微泄漏监测中的应用  

Application of gas tracer technology to micro-leakage monitoring of salt-cavern underground gas storage

作　　者：王建夫 张志胜 安国印 王文权 巴金红 尹浩[4] 康延鹏 WANG Jianfu;ZHANG Zhisheng;AN Guoyin;WANG Wenquan;BA Jinhong;YIN Hao;KANG Yanpeng(PetroChina Gas Storage Company,Beijing 100029,China;West East Pipeline Company,Pipeline China,Shanghai 200120,China;PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company,Renqiu,Hebei 062552,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science of Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油储气库分公司 [2]国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司西气东输分公司 [3]中国石油华北油田公司 [4]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2021年第12期156-164,共9页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技攻关项目“盐穴储气库双井造腔关键技术研究”(编号:2019B-3205)。

摘　　要：常规的监测手段无法满足盐穴地下储气库盐穴、井筒等注采系统的微泄漏监测要求。为此,基于油气藏监测中常用的气体示踪检测技术,依托高分辨质谱仪建立了SF_(6)痕量气体示踪剂检测方法(检测设备主要由在线冷冻大气采样器、在线多气氛反应热解/热脱附炉等组成),在中石油金坛盐穴储气库开展了盐腔、腔体间连通、环空带压井筒和井口及地面管线微泄漏监测现场试验。研究结果表明:①目标盐腔不存在天然气泄漏情况,3口相邻老腔井间也无连通现象;②4口目标井均存在微泄漏现象,检测到的SF_(6)含量介于1×10^(-13)~5×10^(-13) L/L,由于估算的天然气泄漏速率为1 mL/min,认为该储气库井口及地面管线不存在完整性破坏;③环空带压井筒微泄漏监测试验结果表明,A、F井均不存在井筒泄漏,其环空带压应该是因油套间温度/压力升高引起。结论认为:建立的SF_(6)痕量气体示踪剂检测方法能够实现对盐穴储气库微泄漏监测和评价的要求,下一步应扩大监测区域,制定覆盖全库区的实时监测方案,建立一套有效的盐穴储气库微泄漏长期监测系统和安全预警系统。Conventional monitoring methods cannot realize the required micro-leakage monitoring of salt caverns,wellbores and other injection and production systems of salt-cavern underground gas storages.In this paper,the SF_(6) trace gas tracer detection method is developed by using the gas tracer detection technology commonly used for oil and gas reservoir monitoring,combined with a high-resolution mass spectrometer.Its detection equipment mainly includes an online frozen atmosphere sampler and online multi-atmosphere reaction pyrolysis/thermal desorption ovens.The method is tested on site in the micro-leakage monitoring of salt caverns,cavern connection,wellbores and wellheads with sustained casing pressure and surface pipeline in the Jintan Salt-Cavern Gas Storage.And the following research results are obtained.First,there is no phenomenon of gas leakage in the target salt caverns and there is no connection between three adjacent old cavern wells.Second,micro-leakage occurs in the four target wells,and the detected SF_(6) content is in the range of 1×10^(-13)-5×10^(-13) L/L,but the leakage rate of natural gas is estimated to be 1 mL/min,so it is inferred that there is no integrity damage at the wellheads and surface pipelines of the gas storage.Third,micro-leakage monitoring results of the wellbores with sustained casing pressure show that Wells A and F have no wellbore leakage,and their sustained casing pressure is resulted from the increase of tubing-casing annulus temperature/pressure.In conclusion,the SF_(6) trace gas tracer detection method developed in this paper can realize micro-leakage monitoring and evaluation of salt-cavern gas storages.What's more,it is recommended to enlarge the monitoring area,formulate a real-time monitoring plan covering the whole area of the gas storage,and develop a set of effective long-term monitoring system and safety early warning system for the micro-leakage of salt-cavern gas storages.

关 键 词：盐穴储气库 气体示踪 SF_(6) 痕量检测 微泄漏监测 腔体连通 环空带压 井口泄漏 现场试验 

分 类 号：TE972.2[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]