深海多金属结核采集方式及其结构参数比较分析  

Comparison and Analysis of Deep-sea Polymetallic Nodules Collection Methods and Structural Parameters

作　　者：官雷 张东宽 夏玉超 夏建新[1] GUAN Lei;ZHANG Dongkuan;XIA Yuchao;XIA Jianxin(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋技术学报》2021年第5期62-70,共9页Journal of Ocean Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1906234,51339008)。

摘　　要：深海蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,受到了世界主要工业国家与国际大型企业的高度关注,目前各国都投身于深海矿产资源采集技术的加速研发中。采矿车是深海资源开发的核心组成部分,采矿车结构参数是否匹配不仅直接决定了采集效率,还决定了采集作业过程中对深海沉积物和深海底栖生物造成影响的程度。近年来,比利时,韩国和中国等国家大力发展采集技术,获得了大量的试验数据。通过比较上述三个国家研发的采集头结构、参数和试验效果,可为下一步深入研发采集技术和结构参数优化奠定基础。采矿头试验结果表明结构参数对采集效果影响显著,通过对比获取的参数范围如下:结核粒径的尺寸为5~12 cm,喷嘴直径为8~17 mm,射流角度39°~50°,射流速度10~20 m/s,离地高度不超过18 cm,抽吸速度为5~15 m/s,采集车行驶速度为0.6~0.8 m/s。上述参数范围较宽,还需要进一步针对矿区特点进行参数优化研究。The deep sea is rich in mineral resources,which has been highly concerned by the world’s major industrial countries and large international enterprises.At present,all countries are engaged in the accelerated research and development of deep-sea mineral resource acquisition technology.Mining vehicle is the core component of deep-sea resource development.Whether the structural parameters of mining vehicle match directly determines not only the collection efficiency,but also the impact on deep-sea sediments and deep seabed benthos in the process of collection.In recent years,Belgium,South Korea and China have vigorously developed acquisition technology and obtained a large number of test data.By comparing the structure,parameters and test results of the acquisition head developed by the above three countries,it can lay a foundation for further research and development of acquisition technology and structural parameter optimization in the next step.The test results of the mining head show that the structural parameters have a significant impact on the collection effect.The parameters obtained by comparison are as follows:the particle size of the nodule is 5-12cm,the nozzle diameter is 8-17mm,the jet angle is 39°-50°,the jet speed is 10-20m/s,the height above the ground is no more than 18cm,the suction speed is 5-15m/s,and the driving speed of the collection vehicle is 0.6-0.8m/s.The above parameters have a wide range,and further parameter optimization research needs to be carried out according to the characteristics of the mining area.

关 键 词：多金属结核 水力式采集系统 结构参数 

分 类 号：TD857[矿业工程—金属矿开采]