指示词的语义特征、构成方式与句法功能:对中国少数民族语言的统计分析(9)  

Semantic Features,Forms and Syntactic Functions of Demonstratives:Statistics and Analysis of Minority Languages in China

作　　者：任晓坤 REN Xiaokun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学(研究生院),北京102488

出　　处：《民族语文》2021年第5期27-38,共12页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“基于《世界语言结构地图集》的中国少数民族语言类型研究(17ZDA310)”的资助。

摘　　要：本文对中国境内105种少数民族语言或方言的指示词进行统计,探讨其指示距离、语义类型、构成方式和句法功能。从指示距离来看,指示系统层级有一分、二分、三分、四分及多分5种类型。从语义类型来看,指示词有个体、处所、方位、时间、方式、性状、程度、量等8种类型。从基本指示词的句法功能来看,限定功能是主要功能,论元功能是次要功能,其单向蕴涵关系为:能充当论元的基本指示词,也具有限定功能;但是具有限定功能的基本指示词,不一定能充当论元。Based on the statistics of demonstratives in 105 minority languages or dialects in China,this paper explores the relative distance,semantic features,forms and syntactic functions of demonstratives.In terms of relative distance,the demonstrative system can be divided into five types:one-member(neutral),two-member,three-member,four-member,and multi-member patterns.Regarding the semantic types,the demonstratives can be divided into eight types:individual(person or object),location,direction,time,manner,property,degree,and quantity.In regard to the syntactic functions of basic demonstratives,the function as determiner is primary,while the function as argument is secondary;the unidirectional implication relation between the two functions is as follows:basic demonstratives which can serve as arguments can also function as determiners,whereas those that can serve as determiners can not necessarily function as arguments.

关 键 词：中国少数民族语言 指示词 语义特征 构成方式 句法功能 

分 类 号：H2[语言文字—少数民族语言]