东部裕固语p及其在蒙古语族语言中的对应——兼论蒙古语族语言词首辅音p-和h-的关系  

The Consonant p in Eastern Yugur and Its Correspondences in Mongolic Languages:With a Discussion on the Relationship between Word Initial Consonants p-and h-in Mongolic Languages

作　　者：斯钦朝克图[1] Sechenchogt

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《民族语文》2021年第5期66-77,共12页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“河西走廊民族语言的跨学科研究(18ZDA299)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过田野调查和文献语料比较,发现东部裕固语的辅音p可分布于固有词、借词的词首、词中、词尾,在音节结构上,分布于音节首、音节尾。借词中的辅音p容易辨认。固有词中,摹状词里有较多的辅音p,与蒙古语族其他语言摹状词中的辅音p基本一致,应有共同的来源,其他固有词中的词首辅音p-与词首辅音h-有交替现象。经与中期蒙古语文献和蒙古语族10种语言进行比较,认为东部裕固语的词首辅音p-当属古蒙古语乃至蒙古语族语言固有的辅音;而词首辅音h-应源于p-的演变,这种演变能够为兰司铁的阿尔泰语音规律p>f>h>?的可能性提供支持。Based on field surveys and comparison of document data,this paper finds out that consonant p in Eastern Yugur can occur at the initial,middle and final positions of a native word or a loanword,and in terms of syllabic structure,it can occur at the initial and final positions of a syllable.This consonant is easily identifiable in loanwords.As regards native words,it occurs frequently in mimetics,basically consistent with its counterparts in mimetics in other Mongolic languages,which are supposed to evolve from a common origin;in other native words,word initial p-can be seen alternating with word initial h-.After a comparative study of Eastern Yugur with Middle Mongolian documents and ten other Mongolic languages,this paper argues that word initial p-is native to Old Mongolian or even Mongolic languages,and word initial h-evolves from p-,which provides support for the probability of the Altaic phonological hypothesis p > f > h > ? proposed by G.J.Ramstedt.

关 键 词：东部裕固语 辅音p 词首辅音p-和h- 

分 类 号：H235[语言文字—少数民族语言]