有限责任公司人合性的裁判解释——基于220份裁判文书的实证分析  

Adjudicative Interpretation of the Person-Joining of a Limited Liability Company——Based on an Empirical Analysis of 220 Adjudicative Documents

作　　者：吴飞飞 Wu Feifei

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2021年第6期140-155,共16页Global Law Review

摘　　要：在公司法上,有限责任公司人合性是一个"意会容易言传难"的高频词汇。《公司法》及相关司法解释均未出现"人合性"三字之明述,但股权转让纠纷、公司司法解散纠纷、股东资格确认纠纷等二十余类纠纷案由的裁判争点均不同程度聚焦于"人合性"这一理论的解释适用。在裁判文书中出现的有限责任公司人合性,分别承载着说理依据、裁判法源和案件事实等三种角色功能。在司法适用中,目前总体呈现出过度包容的"司法形式主义"倾向,表现为以尊重公司自治为由而回避对人合性的实质审查以及以股东同意机制审查而替代对人合性作实质判断等情形。事实上,人合性仅仅是有限责任公司的一个特征面向,既非其核心价值属性,也非其至高目标追求。裁判者应当致力于透析人合性的法理逻辑与技术维度,从目的正当性、目的与手段之间的关联性两个层面对其作实质性审查判断。In Company Law,the person-joining of a limited liability company is a high-frequency vocabulary which is"easy to understand but difficult to explain".Neither the Company Law nor the related judicial interpretations contain a clear statement of"person-joining",but court judgments on 22 different types of disputes,such as disputes over share transfer,company judicial dissolution and shareholder qualification confirmation,all more or less focused on the interpretation and application of person-joining.The person-joining of a limited liability company appeared in adjudicative documents plays three functional roles:the basis of reasoning,the source of judgment,and the facts of case.Currently,the interpretation and application of the person-joining of a limited liability company by courts generally shows a tendency of over-inclusive"judicial formalism".It is common for courts to avoid substantive review of person-joining on grounds of respecting company autonomy and to substitute review of shareholder consent mechanism for substantive judgment of person-joining.In fact,person-joining is only one characteristic aspect of a limited liability company.It is neither the core value attribute nor the supreme goal of a company.Judges should devote themselves to analyzing the legal logic and technical dimensions of person-joining,and make substantive reviews of and judgments on two levels of legitimacy:the purpose and the relevance between the purpose and the means.

关 键 词：有限责任公司 人合性 资合性 股权转让 公司章程 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]