库尔勒香梨园土壤锰的空间分布特征及其有效性与土壤pH的关系  

Soil Mn spatial distribution and relationship between its availability and soil pH in a Kuerlexiangli pear orchard

作　　者：肖雪 玛依拉·玉素音 柴仲平[1,3] 龚湲棐 廖鑫宇 戈启军 玉素甫江·玉素音 XIAO Xue;Yusuyin·Mayila;CHAI Zhongping;GONG Yuanfei;LIAO Xinyu;GE Qijun;Yusuyin·Yusufujiang(College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Research Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [4]中国科学院南京土壤研究所·土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第12期2091-2099,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高层次人才引进工程项目;新疆维吾尔自治区天山雪松计划“青年拔尖人才”后备人选项目(2019XS30);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A90);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目(XJ2021G171)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究库尔勒香梨园土壤锰的空间分布特征及其有效性与土壤pH之间的关系,为建立库尔勒香梨优质高产的土壤养分管理系统提供科学依据。【方法】在25 a树龄库尔勒香梨园树体冠幅内(离树干1.00 m)、冠幅边缘(离树干2.00 m)、冠幅外(离树干3.25 m)对土壤进行采样,测定分析不同取样点0~60 cm土层微量元素锰的全量、有效量及土壤pH,利用一元线性回归方法和Pearson相关分析法,研究分析香梨园土壤锰的分布特征及其有效性与土壤pH的关系。【结果】25 a树龄库尔勒香梨园,土壤全锰含量随土壤深度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,但在不同取样点且不同土层间没有显著差异。整个香梨园土壤有效锰含量处于中等水平,并且随着土壤剖面深度的增加逐渐减少。虽然在不同取样点(冠幅内、冠幅边缘、冠幅外)土壤有效锰含量差异不显著,但在0~20 cm土层土壤有效锰含量显著高于20~60 cm土层土壤有效锰含量,说明库尔勒香梨园土壤微量元素锰的分布具有层次性和典型的表聚性。土壤有效锰含量与土壤pH之间存在极显著(p<0.01)的线性负相关关系,即土壤微量元素锰的含量随着pH的增大而逐渐降低。【结论】在库尔勒香梨园土壤养分管理中,应根据果园土壤养分的分布特征及有效性,进行合理施肥和田间管理,建议施用生理酸性肥料或者增加有机肥的使用量来调节土壤pH,提高土壤锰的有效性,以此实现库尔勒香梨园土壤养分的高效利用。【Objective】The absorption of nutrient elements by plants depends not only on the absorption capacity of plant roots,but also on the availability of nutrient elements in the soil.Manganese plays an important role in the growth and development of fruit trees.In order to establish soil nutrient management system for production of Kuerlexiangli pear with high quality and yield,relationship between spatial distribution and availability of soil Mn and soil pH in a Kuerlexiangli pear orchard was studied.【Methods】The experiment was located in Korla City,central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(41°48′21″N,86°04′22″E,with a total area of 7116.9 km2 and an altitude of 918.7 m).The annual average temperature is 14-15℃,the annual rainfall is 50-55 mm,and the annual maximum evaporation is 2788.2 mm.The annual total radiation is 6343 MJ·m-2 with 2889 sunshine hours.The accumulated temperature higher than 0℃is 4700℃on average;the accumulated temperature higher than 10℃is 4278℃;and the frost-free period is 180-200 days.The dominant wind direction is from the northeast,and the soil type is mainly yellow fluvial soil.The content of organic matter in the soil was 23.12 g·kg-1,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 41.58 mg·kg-1,available phosphorus 16.1 mg·kg-1,and available potassium 196 mg·kg-1.In a 25-year-old Kuerlexiangli pear orchard,soil samples were collected under the canopy(1.00 m away from the trunk),at the edge of the canopy(2.00 m away from the trunk)and outside the canopy(3.25 m away from the trunk)of the pear trees.The total and available contents of Mn and soil pH in 0-60 cm soil layer at different sampling points were analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis and one variable linear regression analysis were applied to analyze the relationship between spatial distribution and availability of soil Mn and soil pH.The sampling depths were 0-5 cm,>5-10 cm,>10-20 cm,>20-30 cm,>30-40 cm,>40-50 cm,and>50-60 cm.The experiment was repeated 5 times,and 105 soil samples were collected in total.After the soil

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 土壤微量元素锰 土壤PH 养分分布 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]