广州阳光玫瑰葡萄冬芽休眠与成花及枝梢淀粉含量季节动态研究  

A study of the seasonal dynamics of winter bud dormancy and flowering and starch contents in shoots of Shine Muscat grapevine grown in Guangzhou

作　　者：葛洁瑜 汤艳霞 徐海蓉 赵世利 邓蔡妍 段晓妍 黄旭明[1] GE Jieyu;TANG Yanxia;XU Hairong;ZHAO Shili;DENG Caiyan;DUAN Xiaoyan;HUANG Xuming(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第12期2100-2107,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2014A020208102);大学生创新项目(20191056203)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握葡萄冬芽的休眠状态、成花状态、碳素营养储备的变化规律对调节花期乃至熟期具有重要指导作用。【方法】以4年生平棚架式阳光玫瑰葡萄为研究试材,在不同月份进行不同节位修剪,探索冬芽休眠与成花的季节动态;于5月下旬对花穗以上4~5节位以铝箔纸进行遮光处理,8月下旬对该节位以上修剪,观测冬芽萌动情况;同时,在8月底取平棚架和V形架阳光玫瑰硬枝,测定淀粉含量。【结果】离体水培硬枝冬芽萌发率普遍高于在树硬枝萌芽率。进入9月以后硬枝冬芽萌芽率显著下降,而半软枝和软枝的冬芽在晚秋(11月)也维持一定的萌芽率。硬枝冬芽成花率高于软枝和半软枝冬芽,其中,7月份修剪,强制冬芽萌发,形成的带花穗的新梢比率最高,即使软枝冬芽成花率超过30%,也说明冬芽成花启动早;但进入9月后,软枝和半软枝冬芽的成花率降至0。各月份枝梢淀粉含量也会随枝梢老化而增加。进入11月后,各状态枝条淀粉含量显著提高。8月底,平棚架式比V形架式更有利于枝梢淀粉含量的积累。冬芽直接遮光处理对其萌动无显著影响。【结论】广州阳光玫瑰葡萄冬芽在9月后停止成花、10月后硬枝冬芽进入深休眠;枝梢碳素营养储备(淀粉)受枝梢成熟度、枝梢生长角度和季节信号共同影响,在11月后枝梢发生系统性淀粉积累。【Objective】Guangdong is a relatively new region for table grape production.With the use of rain shelter cultivation,the application of dormancy removing chemicals,and the introduction of high quality and disease resistant cultivars,such as Shine Muscat and Summer Black,table grape production is expanding rapidly in the province.The long growing season in Guangdong provides great flexibility in adjusting the harvesting period of table grape.Mastering the dynamics of dormancy status of winter buds,flowering process and carbohydrate reserve build-up provides important guidance for precise regulation of bud dormancy and production season.This study was carried out to understand the effects of season,shoot maturity,illumination and trellis system on dormancy status and flowering process in the winter bud and carbon nutrition reserve build-up in Shine Muscat.【Methods】The study was carried out from June 2019 to January 2020 with four-year-old Shine Muscat vines under pergola or V shaped trellis systems.Starting from June 2019 till January 2020,current season shoots of different maturity(brown hardwood,greenish brown semisoftwood and green softwood)in vines with pergola trellis were pruned to observe bud break of the remaining top winter buds on tree.At the same time,hardwood,semisoftwood and softwood shoots were collected and separately cut into one-bud sections.0.5 cm long internode segments were collected and frozen in-20℃for starch determination.The one-bud stem sections were soaked in carbendazim for 5 min and placed in a tissue culture bottle filled with pure water by one fourth of the bottle volume with the cut end submerged in water.They were placed under a room temperature of 28℃.Bud break was observed every 3 days.Cumulative budbreak rate within 30 days after pruning was calculated.In the late August,hardwood shoots of the vines under pergola system and under V trellis system were harvested for starch analysis,which was conducted using the iodine colorimetric method.In the experiment exploring shadi

关 键 词：阳光玫瑰葡萄 冬芽 休眠 淀粉积累 成花 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]