不同组织和土壤矿质营养与美乐葡萄果实品质的多元分析  

Multivariate analysis of fruit quality and mineral nutritions in different tissues and soils of Merlot grape

作　　者：王小龙 张正文 钟晓敏 王福成 史祥宾[1,2,3] 张艺灿 王宝亮 冀晓昊[1,2,3] 王海波 WANG Xiaolong;ZHANG Zhengwen;ZHONG Xiaomin;WANG Fucheng;SHI Xiangbin;ZHANG Yican;WANG Baoliang;JI Xiaohao;WANG Haibo(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Trees,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Junding Winery Co.,Ltd.,Penglai 265600,Shandong,China;Grape and Wine Industry Development Service Center,Penglai District,Yantai City,Penglai 265600,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [3]辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [4]君顶酒庄有限公司,山东蓬莱265600 [5]烟台市蓬莱区葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展服务中心,山东蓬莱265600

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第12期2108-2118,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-29-zp);国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD16B05-2);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-RIP-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】挖掘各生育期不同组织矿质元素和根系层土壤肥力因子与美乐葡萄果实品质的关系,拟定基于果实综合品质最佳的施肥方案,为指导蓬莱产区的美乐葡萄合理施肥和品质改善奠定基础。【方法】以美乐为研究对象,使用相关分析法研究各生育期叶片/叶柄/果实矿质元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)、土壤肥力因子(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)与果实品质的相关性。应用非完全正交方差分析法制定果实综合品质最佳的施肥方案。【结果】T8处理的果实品质指数为0.557,综合品质最高。在不同组织矿质营养与美乐葡萄果实品质的相关关系中,花序/果实矿质元素主要与酚类物质含量呈显著相关,叶片矿质元素多与品质呈显著正相关。盛花期/成熟期叶柄K与百粒重、籽总酚和籽总黄酮含量之间均呈极显著正相关,转色期/成熟期叶柄Ca与百粒重、皮单宁含量之间均呈极显著负相关。转色期果实中的N、P和成熟期果实中的K对果实综合品质的影响较大。初花期土壤N和成熟期土壤K对果实综合品质影响较大。【结论】土壤肥力因子对果实最佳综合品质的影响力排序为P>N>Mg>Ca>K,最佳配比为N2P3K3Ca4Mg3,即每公顷施肥用量分别为N 62.5 kg、P_(2)O_(5)46.9 kg、K_(2)O 112.5 kg、CaO 168.8 kg、MgO 46.9 kg时,果实综合品质最佳。【Objective】The characteristics of 100-seed weight,soluble solids,total phenols,anthocyanins,total flavonoids,flavanols and tannins of Merlot grape grape berries under different fertilization conditions in Penglai area were analyzed.The relationships between mineral elements,root layer soil fertility factors and fruit quality indicators in different tissues of Merlot grape in different growth periods were explored in order to screen the main mineral elements of plants and soils that affect the formation of fruit quality and the corresponding key growth periods as theoretical basis for the formulation of plant and soil nutrition diagnosis.A theoretical fertilization plan based on the best comprehensive fruit quality was initially drawn up to lay a foundation for guiding the rational fertilization and quality improvement of Merlot grape in the Penglai production area.【Methods】Based on the target yield of 7500 kg·hm^(-2),the basic dosage of N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O,CaO,and MgO as each fertilizer raw material per hectare set in the non-complete orthogonal experiment(5416)were N 124.5 kg,P_(2)O_(5)46.5 kg,K_(2)O 112.5 kg,CaO 112.5 kg,MgO 46.5 kg,respectively.The soil samples were collected in the position of distance of 30 cm from the main stem,at the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm below the main stem at germination stage(GS),initial flowering stage(IFS),end bloom stage(EBS),veraison stage(VS)and maturity stage(MS)to determine the 0-40 cm alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(N),quick-acting phosphorus(P),quickacting potassium(K),exchangeable calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg).The leaves,petioles and inflorescences/fruits were collected at full bloom stage(FBS),veraison stage,and mature stage to determine their N,P,K,Ca and Mg contents.The correlation analysis method was used to study the correlation between leaves,petioles,fruit mineral elements,soil fertility factors and fruit quality.Non-orthogonal analysis of variance was applied to initially form the best quality fertilization program.【Results】The 100-seed weight,soluble

关 键 词：美乐葡萄 叶片 叶柄 果实 土壤 矿质养分 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]