海洋上空折射率结构常数廓线估算  

Estimation of C_(n)^(2) profile of troposphere over the sea

作　　者：徐自强 吴晓庆 许满满 毕翠翠 韩永 邵士勇 Xu Zi-Qiang;Wu Xiao-Qing;Xu Man-Man;Bi Cui-Cui;Han Yong;Shao Shi-Yong(Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics,Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽光学精密机械研究所,大气光学中心,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026 [3]中山大学大气科学学院,珠海519000

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第24期136-144,共9页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(批准号:2018YFC0213102);国家自然科学基金(批准号:41475024,4202780010)资助的课题.

摘　　要：湍流问题从提出到现在已困扰人们300多年.虽然提出了一些可行的方案,但在可预见的未来这一问题仍将困扰人们.湍流主要由浮力热气泡和风切变产生,在地球表面和大气之间传递物质和能量. 2019年6月开展了第二次海洋季风实验(sea monsoon experiment-Ⅱ:SMEX-Ⅱ),实验过程中通过释放探空气球获得了海洋上空常规气象数据.通过Tatarski参数化模式,重点分析了海洋上空湍流拟合廓线的主要影响因素,边界层、对流层顶湍流的演变规律,以及离岸距离对湍流垂直廓线分布的影响.结果表明,外尺度对海洋上空湍流的分布起决定作用,边界层顶和对流层顶的逆增长区取决于温度梯度的骤变,陆地下垫面对边界层顶逆增长区的影响大而海洋下垫面对对流层顶的逆增长区影响大.基于试验数据分析的海洋上空光学湍流时空分布特性,为海洋的天文观测选址、激光大气传输和卫星遥感观测等提供了必要的参考.The problem of turbulence has been puzzling relevant researchers for more than 300 years. Although some feasible solutions and models have been proposed, the turbulence still brings trouble in the foreseeable future.Turbulence is caused mainly by buoyant thermal bubbles and wind shear, which transports matter and energy between the earth surface and the atmosphere. Based on the analysis of the measured data obtained from the Sea Monsoon Experiment-Ⅱ(SMEX-Ⅱ), carried out on the ‘Shenkuo’ scientific research ship, the vertical spatial distribution of meteorological data overseas was explored when the air sounding balloons were released at relatively fixed times during June 2019. Through the Tatarski model, the main influencing factors of fitting turbulence profile over the sea and the turbulence evolution of boundary layer top and tropopause are discussed. Meanwhile, the effect of offshore distance of the scientific research ship on the vertical profile of optical turbulence strength is analyzed. The results show that the outer scale plays a decisive role in the distribution of turbulence over the seas. The inverse growth section between the boundary layer top and the tropopause depends on the sudden change of temperature gradient. The underlying land surface has a significant influence on the inverse growth section to the boundary layer top, while the underlying sea surface has a more pronounced influence on the inverse growth section of the tropopause. Based on the obtained data and corresponding analysis, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of optical turbulence overseas are grasped, which provides necessary references for selecting the astronomical observation sites, atmospheric laser transmission, and satellite remote sensing observations over the sea.

关 键 词：大气折射率结构常数 Tatarski模式 大气光学湍流廓线 探空气球 

分 类 号：P715.7[天文地球—海洋科学]