国际生产网络视角下的增加值贸易结构分析与主导因素识别——以中美双边贸易为例  

Analysis of the Structure of Trade in Value Added and Identification of Its Dominant Factors from the Perspective of International Production Network:Taking the China-U.S. Bilateral Trade as An Example

作　　者：张同斌[1] 周宗莉 Zhang Tongbin;Zhou Zongli

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《统计研究》2021年第11期60-72,共13页Statistical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“出口企业集聚对产品质量提升影响机制:基于近邻异质性和企业内资源重置的研究”(71903023);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目“中国经济高质量发展的科学测度、动力转换与政策效应研究”(XLYC1907115)。

摘　　要：本文利用世界投入产出表测度了2001—2014年中美双边增加值贸易结构。结果表明,中国在双边贸易中的单位出口获利能力低于美国,国际分工地位的差异使得两国的贸易结构显示出较强的互补性。在对增加值贸易构成分解的基础上,本文识别并分析了国际生产网络体系下影响出口国内增加值的主导因素及其作用机制。研究发现,网络外最终需求、生产网络上游因素分别是推动中国和美国出口国内增加值扩大的主导因素。此外,产业层面的研究结果显示,中国高技术制造业出口国内增加值的扩大主要是由生产网络上游因素驱动的,生产网络外最终需求则是中国传统制造业出口国内增加值扩张的重要推动力。中国在扩大对外开放的同时应与国际生产网络中的上下游经济体形成多元化匹配,进而加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。In this paper,we use the world input-output table to measure the structure of China-U. S.bilateral trade in value added from 2001 to 2014. The results show that China’s unit export profitability in the bilateral trade is lower than that of the United States. The difference in the status of international division makes the trade structure of the two countries show strong complementarity. On the basis of decomposing the trade in value added,we identify and analyze the dominant factors as well as their mechanism that may affect the domestic value added in exports in the international production network system. The analysis shows that the final demand and the upstream factors are the dominant factors that respectively promote the expansion of the domestic value added in exports of China and the United States. In addition,empirical analysis at the industrial level shows that the expansion of the domestic value added in exports of China’s high-tech manufacturing is mainly driven by upstream factors of the production network. However,the final demand is an important driving force for the expansion of the domestic value added in exports of China’s traditional manufacturing. While further opening up,China should pursue a diversified matching with the upstream and downstream economies in the international production network,and speed up the formation of a new development pattern with the major domestic circulation as the main body and the mutual promotion of domestic and international circulations.

关 键 词：生产网络 出口国内增加值 制造业 增加值贸易结构 

分 类 号：F222.33[经济管理—国民经济]