晚清上海租界华洋关系的嬗变——以华人参政问题为视角  

Evolution of Chinese-Foreigner Relationship in the Foreign Settlements in the Late-Qing Shanghai:A Study from the Perspective of Chinese Representation Issue

作　　者：魏兵兵[1] WEI Bingbing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第11期105-121,共17页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：晚清上海租界华人参政的早期拟议皆由外侨或列强领事提出,其动机并非出于对中国领土主权或华人政治权利的尊重,而是为了谋求租界自治地位的提高和工部局行政权力的扩大。每当企图失败时,其对华人参政的态度便趋于消极,加之因华洋矛盾而不断加剧的不安全感,使外侨最终普遍漠视和抵拒华人的参政诉求。华人对于自身参政权利的态度则随着权利意识提高、华洋矛盾加剧和民族主义的兴起而日益积极和主动。由于无权参与租界市政事务,华人商民在渐趋复常的华洋矛盾中缺乏争取和维护自身权益的体制化渠道,对工部局和列强的不满与日俱增。20世纪初,这种不满情绪与民族主义思想合流,遂有1905年“大闹会审公廨案”后华人参政要求的公开提出和华洋严重冲突的发生。自此,华人参政日益成为影响上海租界市政管理和华洋关系的一个重要问题。The early proposals regarding Chinese representation in the foreign settlements of the late-Qing Shanghai were initiated either by foreign residents or consuls.Their intentions behind the proposals were to strengthen the autonomous status of the settlements and to expand the power of Shanghai Municipal Council,rather than to recognize Chinese sovereign rights or political rights of Chinese residents.Therefore,every time when the attempts of foreign residents or consuls failed,their attitude became more passive,and the increasing feeling of insecurity caused by Chinese-foreigner contradictions finally made the foreigner residents indifferent and even resistant to Chinese claim for representation.Chinese residents attitude toward their rights of representation became increasingly proactive due to the growing right consciousness,intensifying Chinese-foreigner conflicts and rising nationalism.Without any rights to participate in municipal administration,Chinese residents had no institutional channel to defend their rights and interests in Chinese-foreigner contradictions,so their disaffection with the Shanghai Municipal and Treaty Powers was steadily on the increase.The mergence of such mentality and thoughts of nationalism at the beginning of the twentieth century led to the Chinese outright demand for representation as well as unprecedented Chinese-foreigner conflicts.Since then,Chinese representation became an increasingly important issue affecting the municipal administration of the Chinese-foreigner relationship of the foreign settlements at Shanghai.

关 键 词：上海租界 华洋关系 华人参政 工部局 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]