不同放牧方式对松嫩草地地下、地上生物量及其分配比例的影响  

Effects of different grazing regimes on below/aboveground biomass and allocation in Songnen Plain,China

作　　者：崔猛 冯媛媛 王新宇[1] 高英志[1] CUI Meng;FENG Yuan-yuan;WANG Xin-yu;GAO Ying-zhi(Institute of Grassland Science,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期144-150,共7页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31870436);生态环境部生物多样性观测和评估项目(8-2-5-11-2).

摘　　要：通过野外样地实验研究了放牧方式对松嫩草地植物群落地下、地上生物量及生物量向地下分配比例的影响.实验共设置了4种放牧方式:禁牧、牛单牧、羊单牧、混合放牧.结果表明:不同放牧方式对植物地下、地上生物量的影响随降水量的不同而产生年际差异.2012年降水充足,混合放牧方式下植物地下生物量最高,并显著高于禁牧、牛单牧和羊单牧,分别高出38%,118%和40%(P<0.01);而在2013年,由于干旱胁迫,不同放牧方式对植物地下、地上生物量的影响均不显著.生物量向地下分配的比例主要受放牧方式的影响,受降水影响较小.在两年的实验中,混合放牧方式下植物向地下分配的生物量比例均为最高,达到了57%,说明混合放牧有利于植物地下部分生物量的积累;而牛单牧和羊单牧方式下植物向地下的生物量分配比例均低于50%.从植物地下生物量及其分配比例两方面考虑,在我国北方半干旱草原应该减少牲畜单独放牧,转而推行混合放牧较为合理.In order to better understand the effects of different grazing regimes on plant below/aboveground biomass and allocation,a field experiment was conducted at Songnen grassland ecosystem field station for two years.There were four different grazing regimes,including no grazing,sheep grazing,cattle grazing and mixed grazing.Results showed that the effect of the grazing regimes on the below and aboveground biomass were mainly affected by interannual precipitation.In 2012,with the high precipitation,the total belowground biomass of mixed grazing was the highest,which was 38%,118%and 40%higher than that of no grazing,sheep grazing and cattle grazing,respectively(P<0.01).In 2013,with the low precipitation,there was no significantly difference in below and aboveground biomass among different grazing regimes.In addition,the biomass allocation is mainly affected by different grazing regimes,but is not strongly influenced by precipitation.Total biomass allocated to belowground was the highest and reached 57%under the condition of mixed grazing,suggesting that mixed grazing can increase more C to belowground.However,less than 50%of total biomass is allocated belowground for cattle and sheep grazing.Therefore,it is reasonable to think that reducing cattle and sheep grazing alone and encouraging mixed grazing can enhance plant belowground biomass and soil carbon storage in the semi-arid steppe of Northern China.

关 键 词：放牧方式 地下生物量 地上生物量 生物量分配比例 

分 类 号：S812.29[农业科学—草业科学]