商标反向混淆认定标准的构建--对美国司法实践的评析及借鉴  

Construction of the Identification Standard of Trademark Reverse Confusion-Analysis and Reference of American Judicial Practice

作　　者：贺文奕 He Wenyi(Law School of Civil Business and Economics,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京102249

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2021年第6期85-95,共11页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

摘　　要：规制商标反向混淆,既是我国司法实践的现实需要,也是维护商标权益的根本要求,然而我国司法实践中并没有形成反向混淆的认定标准。美国法院采用多因素测试法,针对反向混淆区别于正向混淆的特点,在商标的近似程度、市场的类似程度、商标显著性、主观意图、实际混淆证据等五个方面,形成了一些特有的认定规则。文章结合中美两国在商标取得制度上的差异性,合理借鉴美国经验,从而构建我国商标反向混淆的认定标准。Regulating reverse confusion of trademarks is not only the practical need of judicial practice in China,but also a fundamental requirement of safeguarding trademark rights and interests.However,there is no standard for identifying reverse confusion in judicial practice in China.In view of the difference between reverse confusion and positive confusion,the American courts adopt the multi-factor test method and form some special identification rules in five aspects:the similarity of trademarks,the similarity degree of market,the distinctiveness of trademarks,subjective intention and actual confusion evidence.Combining the differences in trademark acquisition systems between China and the United States,and drawing on American experience reasonably,this paper constructs the identification standard of trademark reverse confusion in China.

关 键 词：商标 反向混淆 商标侵权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]