战争、地貌改造与社会动员——华北平原抗日根据地军民挖道沟运动研究  

War,Artificial Topographical Transformation and Social Mobilization:Examining the Trench Digging Movement at the Anti-Japanese Base Area in the North China Plain

作　　者：程森 Cheng Sen

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2021年第6期16-30,160,共16页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国共产党华北根据地环境史研究(1935—1949)”(17XZS033);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“1928—1949年中国共产党环境保护资料的搜集、整理与研究”(21SZYBO5)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：华北平原抗日根据地的创建与发展是中国共产党自抗战后逐步崛起的关键因素之一,但是平原地貌有利于日军的行动和进攻,并不利于根据地军民的防御和坚守。中国共产党自创建平原根据地之初即投入到大规模的改造平原地貌、地物的运动之中,其中挖道沟运动规模最大,持续时间最长。道沟是战争环境下人为创造的人工地貌,最先起源于冀中,后向冀南、冀鲁豫、冀东、冀鲁边、山东、淮北、苏北等平原地区扩展。道沟具有一定的规格和内部构造,不仅能阻滞日军行进、截断敌方运输补给,还具有隐蔽自己、打击敌人及战时便于我方运输、转移和突围等多种功能。中国共产党依靠其强大的组织动员能力保障了道沟的修造和维护。道沟具有网状的结构和地上隆起的景观形态,使平原变成了"丘陵",最终成为华北平原抗日根据地军民持久抗战的地理依托。The Anti-Japanese base area in the North China Plain was of the critical factors that had facilitated the CPC’s emergence after the War of Resistance was over.As a matter of fact,however,the topography in the North China Plain was suitable for the operations of the modernized Japanese army while posed difficulties for the Chinese military and the Chinese people to defend against attacks from the enemy.After founding the Anti-Japanese base in the North China Plain,the CPC spared no effort to modify the local physiognomy,the largest and longest being the Trench Digging Movement.As an artificial way to transform topography under the circumstance of the war,trench digging first emerged in central Hebei and gradually spread to other plain areas like Southern Hebei,the triangle of Hebei,Shandong and Henan,Eastern Hebei,the border area between Hebei and Shandong,Shandong,North Huai River Plain and North Jiangsu.Trench digging had to follow certain standards and meet the requirements for internal structure at the time.Trenches were expected to fulfill a variety of functions.On the one hand,they could hold back the advancement of the Japanese troops and paralyze their transportation.On the other hand,trenches could help the Chinese troops hide out,attack the enemy,transport materials and retreat.With its incredible organizational capability,the CPC succeeded in digging and maintaining the trenches at the Anti-Japanese bases during the War of Resistance.The network of trenches became the geographic bulwark for the Chinese troops and the Chinese people to wage the protracted war against Japanese aggression.

关 键 词：华北平原抗日根据地 挖道沟运动 地貌改造 社会动员 

分 类 号：K269[历史地理—历史学]