自救与纷争:辛亥革命时期杭州绅商两界的筹办团防  

Self-Salvation of and Conflicts:Collective Defense Efforts by the Gentry and Business Groups of Hangzhou during the 1911 Revolution

作　　者：崔岷 Cui Min

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2021年第6期31-44,160,共15页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：武昌起义爆发后,杭州绅商两界均努力加紧筹办团防。1911年10月22日至11月4日的短短半月内,双方经历了欲合终离、内外纷争不断的过程。由于各自的财力和人力均告匮乏,急于恢复城市秩序的绅商两界谋求合并组织,"不分民团商团"。不过,筹费方式和组织形式上的分歧及其引发的激烈冲突令合作迅速破裂,而绅学界"献媚官厅"的迹象进一步激发了商界独立办团之心,从而断送了双方二度合作的可能。随着城内秩序的不断恶化,分别筹办民团和商团的绅商两界均能感受到革命的日益临近。同时,谘议局、商会、革命党和官府均力求对筹办团防施加影响以将其引向各自的目标。在分别遭遇了内部和外部的革命动员后,绅商两界各自筹办团防的努力于11月4日一同为革命所阻断。透视杭州绅商两界筹办民团和商团的努力,不难发现辛亥革命时期筹办团防这一社会动员过程呈现出鲜明的新旧糅合之相。After the outbreak of the Wuchang Revolt,the gentry and business groups of Hangzhou wasted no time to organize collective defense among themselves.During the two weeks between October 22 and November 4,1911,however,relations between the both groups experienced a shift from cooperation to drift-apart and finally to conflicts.At first,both groups were eager to restore the order in Hangzhou and decided to organize collective defense together since neither group had the sufficient financial and human resources to organize defense on their own.However,both sides soon drifted apart due to their intense conflicts on the ways of collecting fees and organizing the collective defense.The tendency of gentries and intellectuals to"curry favor from the government"further compelled the business elites to organize independent defense,a move that essentially precluded any possibility of resumed cooperation with the gentry group.With the increasing disorderliness in Hangzhou,both the gentry group and the business elites,who had independently organized their own defense respectively,had the feeling that a revolution was imminent.Political forces like the Consultative Bureau,the Commerce Federation,the Revolutionary Party and the government all attempted to direct the development of group defense in Hangzhou to their own advantage.The group defense organized respectively by the gentry group and the business elites collapsed during the revolution on November 4,after the revolutionary mobilization both with and without the two groups.The efforts of both groups to organize group defense revealed that the social mobilization related to organizing group defense was of both old and new features.

关 键 词：辛亥革命 杭州 绅界 商界 民团 商团 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]