困境与突破:民国时期农民生存路径探索——以冀西地区为中心的考察  

Predicament and Breakthrough:Peasants'Exploration for Survival Path in West Hebei Province During the Republic of China Period

作　　者：李建[1] 沈志忠[1] LI Jian;SHEN Zhizhong(Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期98-107,共10页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University (SOCIAL SCIENCES)

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目:“大运河文化建设研究”(编号:19ZDA187)阶段性成果;2017年江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学项目(编号:2017SJB0042)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：农民是农村社会的主体,农村社会是农民生活的载体,两者在长期的传统农业发展中扮演着重要角色。然而,十九世纪以来,面对内忧外患和错综复杂的政治、经济局势,赖以为生的农业发展遭遇了巨大的危机,传统农村社会难以维系,农民一步步地陷入了生存的困境,如何谋生成为了亟待解决的问题。对此,社会各界纷纷为解决农村问题出谋划策。冀西位于华北平原农耕带向黄土高原农耕带过渡的地区,兼具两个地区的显著特点,是典型的北方旱作农业区域,无论从自然还是社会状况来说都独具代表性。从农民这一个体自救者的角度,和学者、社会团体以及政府在整体上规划农村发展的他救者的角度,探讨时代变革大背景下冀西农民的谋生状况,有利于对这一时期农民的生存状况进行更深入的了解,也为解决当代农民问题提供了可资借鉴的历史资源。Farmers are the main body of rural society,rural society is the carrier of farmers'life,both of which play an important role in the long-term development of traditional agriculture.However,since the 19th century,in face of internal and external troubles and the complicated political and economic situation,the agricultural development that depends on for living has encountered a huge crisis.Traditional rural society is difficult to be maintain,and the peasants have gradually fallen into difficult position.Therefore,how to make a living has become an urgent problem.In this regard,all sectors of society have to solve rural issues.The western Hebei region is located in the transition area from the North China Plain farming area to the Loess Plateau farming area,which has the remarkable characteristics of both areas.It is a typical dry farming area in the north of China,which unique in terms of both nature and social conditions.From the perspective of farmers,individual self-rescuers,scholars,social groups,and government,who makes plans for development of rural areas as a whole,this paper discusses livelihood of farmers in western Hebei under the background of changes of the times and it is helpful to have a deeper understanding of peasants living conditions in this period,and provides historical resources for solving peasants'problems at present.

关 键 词：清末 民国 冀西 农民 生存路径 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济]