2009-2018年天津近岸海域水质状况及变化趋势分析  

Quality and development tendency of sea water in Tianjin coastal sea areas from 2009 to 2018

作　　者：屠建波 陈燕珍[3,4] 万萌萌[1,2] 王江涛 谭丽菊 孙欢[3,4] TU Jian-bo;CHEN Yan-zhen;WAN Meng-meng;WANG Jiang-tao;TAN Li-ju;SUNHuan(College of Chemistry and chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Tianjin Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station,SOA,Tianjin 300457,China;Tianjin Marine Environmental Monitoring and forecasting Center,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]国家海洋局天津海洋环境监测中心站,天津300457 [4]天津市海洋环境监测预报中心,天津300457

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2021年第6期873-879,共7页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1407801,2019YFC1407802);天津市重点研发计划科技支撑重点项目(19YFZCSN01130);天津市规划和自然资源局科技项目(ML2019-HP-F161)。

摘　　要：本文基于天津近岸海域2009-2018年的调查资料,系统分析了海水水质污染状况、变化趋势以及不同环境监测项目水质类别的情况。结果表明,天津近岸海域海水水质总体上呈现逐渐好转的趋势,但趋势并不明显,尚未形成根本改善的态势;主要污染物为氮和磷,化学需氧量(COD)和石油类的污染不明显,重金属浓度基本处于优良水质的范围;陆源输入是该海域主要污染物的主要来源,但大气沉降和海水养殖的输入也不可忽视;围填海工程对纳潮量和局地水动力的改变会导致沿岸区域物质的输运受阻,导致污染物集聚而影响局部海域的水质。建议在严控氮、磷污染物陆源排海的同时,加强对大气输入和水产养殖业的监管,优化产业结构,制定精准减排方案,确保陆海统筹下渤海湾环境保护与经济社会发展的和谐统一。Based on the survey data of marine environment in Tianjin coastal waters from 2009 to 2018, this paper systematically analyzed the pollution status, change trend and water quality categories of different environmental parameters. The results show that the seawater quality in the coastal area of Tianjin shows a gradual improvement trend, but the trend is not obvious, and a fundamental improvement trend has not been formed. The main pollutants are nitrogen and phosphorus. Chemical oxygen demand(COD) and petroleum pollution are not obvious, and heavy metals are basically in the concentration range of excellent water quality.Land input is the dominating source of main pollutants in the sea area, but the input of atmospheric precipitation and mariculture could not be ignored. The change of tidal capacity and local hydrodynamic force caused by reclamation project would hinder the transportation of materials in coastal areas, which could lead to the accumulation of pollutants and affect the water quality of local sea areas. It is suggested that while strictly controlling the land-based discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants into the sea, strengthen the supervision of atmospheric input and aquaculture, and optimize the industrial structure and formulate accurate emission reduction schemes, so as to ensure the harmonious unity of environmental protection and economic and social development in the Bohai Bay under the overall planning of land and sea.

关 键 词：天津近岸海域 水质 渤海湾 趋势 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]