基于焊丝深熔模式的铝/铜激光熔钎焊工艺研究  

Research on Al/Cu Laser Brazing-Fusion Process Based on Wire Deep Penetration Mode

作　　者：姜仁杰 程智伟 武强[1] 肖荣诗[1] Jiang Renjie;Cheng Zhiwei;Wu Qiang;Xiao Rongshi(High-Power and Ultrafast Laser Manufacturing Lab,Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing100124 China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料与制造学部智能光子制造研究中心,北京100124

出　　处：《中国激光》2021年第22期126-135,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51775009)。

摘　　要：采用基于焊丝深熔模式的熔钎焊方法,进行了1060铝合金和T2紫铜异种金属的激光填丝焊工艺研究。利用高速摄像机观测焊丝熔化的过渡行为,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪及拉伸试验机对焊缝形貌、接头组织及性能进行表征。结果表明,采用不同的坡口形式和尺寸,使激光束在坡口中的作用位置偏向铜侧,这有利于焊缝成形。熔钎焊接头成形良好,无咬边缺陷。接头拉伸强度可达铝母材的80%,接头断裂发生在界面层,断裂方式为脆性断裂。在焊缝界面层,存在笋状和胞状的铝/铜金属间化合物。XRD检测结果表明,金属间化合物由Al_(2)Cu相和Al_(4)Cu_(9)相组成。界面层在铜侧钎焊区中部及下部分布均匀,厚度约为20μm。Objective Pure aluminum and pure copper have excellent electrical and thermal conductivities and corrosion resistance,and are widely used in aerospace,heat exchange equipment,electronic products and batteries.The density and cost of copper and aluminum are quite different.In order to give full play to the physical characteristics of these two materials and reduce the cost of components,the aluminum/copper composite structure has emerged as a great application requirement in the industrial field.How to achieve reliable welding of aluminum and copper is the key to the reliable application of aluminum and copper composite structures.This paper proposes a new method for laser brazing-fusion process based on the wire deep penetration mode,and conducts the welding process test and the analysis of the joint structure and performance.Methods Laser wire filler brazing-fusion was performed for 3 mm thick aluminum/copper dissimilar metals,and the influences of groove size,process parameters and the height of the intersection of laser beam and wire from the base material were studied.Cleaning and mechanical grinding are needed to remove the oxide film before welding.Before welding,the 1060 aluminum alloy was first cleaned with the 20%(mass fraction)Na OH solution at 50--60℃for 5 min to remove the surface oxide film.Then it was soaked in the 30%(volume fraction)HNO3 solution for 5 min to neutralize the residual alkali.Finally,the aluminum alloy surface was rinsed with clean water,dried with compressed air,and stored in a sealed bag to avoid contact with air.T2 copper was pickled with the 30%(volume fraction)H_(2)SO_(4) solution for 5 min,and the surface was washed with clean water to ensure that there was no acid residue on the surface.It was dried with compressed air and stored in a sealed bag.After chemical cleaning,the welding test shall be conducted within 12 h,otherwise the chemical cleaning of oxide film shall be conducted again.The aluminum alloy and pure copper plates with preset groove shall be assembled according

关 键 词：激光技术 异种金属 深熔模式 填丝熔钎焊 坡口形式 组织性能 

分 类 号：TG442[金属学及工艺—焊接]