基于实测数据的地铁列车能耗特征分析  

Metro Train Energy Consumption Characteristics Based on Empirical Data Analysis

作　　者：郑晓彬 柏赟[2] 周姗姗 ZHENG Xiao-bin;BAI Yun;ZHOU Shan-shan(Beijing Transportation Development Research Institute,Beijing 100161,China;Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport,Ministry of Transport,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通发展研究院,北京100161 [2]北京交通大学,综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第6期264-271,共8页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71571017,71971017)。

摘　　要：基于车载装置实时采集的北京地铁6、8、13号线列车牵引能耗、辅助能耗及再生能等分项能耗和牵引变电所电表记录的统计能耗,探析了地铁牵引系统能耗构成及影响因素特征。得到如下结论:列车运行能耗中38%~60%用于克服阻力和电机效率损失,9%~20%用于辅助设备,再生能占比约20%~49%。影响车公里牵引单耗的因素包括站间距、纵断面、列车性能、技术速度及满载率等。随站间距减小,牵引单耗呈幂级增长;纵断面设计为“高站位、低区间”的节能坡形式有利于减少单耗;质量轻、阻力小、电机效率的列车更节能,不同车型能耗差异可达10%;技术速度增加引起牵引单耗增长,平峰时段可适当降低技术速度。满载率每降低10%,可减少牵引单耗2%。影响再生能的因素主要包括站间距与制动初速度,站间距越小则再生能产生量越多,但摩擦制动产生的动能损失也越大,总体不利于车公里单耗的降低。影响辅助能耗的主要包括气温与客流,辅助能耗随气温或客流增长而增高,地下线辅助能耗随气温增长变化幅度较地上线更小。This paper analyzes the energy consumption composition for metro trains and identifies the major factors that closely related to the train energy consumption.The energy consumption data included the instant traction energy consumption,auxiliary energy consumption and regenerative energy consumption,which was collected through the on board train equipment from Beijing metro lines 6,8 and 13.The electricity consumption was recorded by the electricity meters at metro substations.The analysis results show that:(1)38%to 60%of the energy consumed by the traction system is used to overcome train resistance and compensate the loss of motor efficiency;the auxiliary equipment energy consumption accounts for 9%to 20%of total train energy consumption.Regenerative energy accounts for approximately 20%to 49%of train energy consumption.(2)The factors influencing the unit traction energy consumption(traction energy consumption per vehicle kilometer)mainly include station spacing,track alignment,train characteristics,running speed,and passenger loading rate.With the average length of the station spacing decreases,the unit traction energy consumption increases exponentially.The track alignment design of stations that are higher than sections helps to reduce train energy consumption.The trains have relatively lighter weight,lower resistance,and higher motor efficiency tend to consume less energy.The application of proper types of trains might reduce up to 10%of unit energy consumption.Higher running speed results in more train energy consumption.In this regard,the average running speed can be reduced appropriately during the off-peak period for energy saving purpose.The traction energy consumption might be reduced by 2%if the passenger loading rate is reduced by 10%.(3)The influencing factors of regenerative energy consumption mainly include station spacing and initial braking speed.The regenerative energy generation increases when the station spacings are short but the kinetic energy loss caused by the low-speed friction becomes h

关 键 词：城市交通 列车能耗特征 实测数据分析 地铁列车 分项能耗 

分 类 号：U268.6[机械工程—车辆工程]