压装不敏感炸药相关技术最新进展  

Latest Trends of Pressed Insensitive Explosives Related Technologies

作　　者：张为鹏[1] 郭惠丽[1] 邓雅静 黄亚峰[1] 金鹏刚[1] ZHANG Weipeng;GUO Huili;DENG Yajing;HUANG Yafeng;JIN Penggang(Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2021年第12期52-56,共5页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21805223)。

摘　　要：压装炸药是军用混合炸药的重要组成部分,压装不敏感炸药成为压装炸药的重要发展方向。本文综述了最近5年来压装不敏感炸药相关技术的最新进展,包括新材料、新工艺、性能、新的评估方法及后处理等部分。就新材料而言,有全新结构的新型高能量密度材料和共晶结构材料。全新结构的新型高能量密度材料设计和合成的方式层出不穷,但由于能量和感度的矛盾,适合应用的新材料非常少。某些共晶炸药具有非常优异的综合性能,可能成为重要的发展方向;新工艺很少,压装炸药的制备工艺比较成熟。有些新工艺、辅助材料的使用可以极大的改善混合炸药的性能,具有非常大的参考价值;世界各国对压装不敏感炸药均非常重视;研究者们越来越重视计算机辅助设计,通过模拟和实验相结合,对炸药的各种性能进行分析研究;由于不敏感弹药的后处理过程更加困难,更加复杂,对其研究成了研究热点。最后对压装不敏感炸药的发展趋势和存在问题进行了分析。Pressed explosives are an important part of military mixed explosives,and pressed insensitive explosives have become an important development direction for pressed explosives.The latest developments in pressed insensitive explosives in the past five years were reviewed including new materials,new processes,performance,new evaluation methods and post-processing.As far as new materials are concerned,new materials are mainly designed in two forms,one is a new type of high-energy density material with a new structure,and the other is a new material with a eutectic structure.The design and synthesis of new high-energy density materials with new structures are endless.For energy and the sensitivity conflicting,there are very few new materials suitable for application.Relatively speaking,some eutectic explosives have very excellent comprehensive properties and may become important in terms of new technology,the preparation technology of pressed explosives is relatively mature,and new technology rarely appears,but the use of some new technology and auxiliary materials can greatly improve the performance of mixed explosives,which has a very large reference value.Countries all over the world attach great importance to pressed insensitive explosives and have conducted a lot of research in this direction in terms of performance.Researchers are paying more and more attention to computer-aided design for new evaluation methods.The combined method enables a more reliable analysis of the various properties of this type of explosives through simulation and experiment.As far as post-processing is concerned,since the post-processing of insensitive ammunition is more difficult and more complicated,research in this area has become a research hotspot.The development trends and existing problems of pressed insensitive explosives were analyzed in the end.

关 键 词：压装炸药 不敏感炸药 新材料 新工艺 合成 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]