高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化研究进展  

Research Progress of Immobilization of High-Level Nuclear Waste by Using Phosphate Glass-Ceramics

作　　者：王辅[1] 廖其龙[1] 竹含真 王元林 向光华 朱永昌[2] WANG Fu;LIAO Qi-long;ZHU Han-zhen;WANG Yuan-lin;XIANG Guang-hua;ZHU Yong-chang(State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials,School of Material Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;China Building Materials Academy,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]中国建筑材料科学研究总院,北京100024

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2021年第6期441-452,I0002,共13页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51702268);国家国防科技工业局资助项目(2017-1407);西南科技大学资助项目(18fksy0212)。

摘　　要：磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷是固化“难溶”核废料的优异基材,具有高的废料包容量和优异的稳定性,因而,磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化是高放核废料固化处理的重要研究方向之一。本文简要综述了高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的类型、固化机理、固化体设计、稳定性及其制备,并对其研究做了展望。其今后研究方向主要包括:(1)磷酸盐玻璃固化体的中长期化学稳定性、蚀变规律和抗腐蚀机制的研究;关注其物理性能、热稳定性和辐照稳定性;(2)磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的简洁制备工艺技术及其工艺原理,及其对设备和电极的侵蚀和寿命的影响。Phosphate based glass-ceramic,having high waste loading and excellent chemical durability,is an excellent matrix for immobilizing“insoluble”nuclear waste.Therefore,immobilization of high-level nuclear waste by using phosphate based glass-ceramics is one of the important methods.In this paper,the types of phosphate glass-ceramic wasteforms,mechanism of immobilization,design and stability of phosphate based glass-ceramic wasteforms and their preparation methods were briefly summarized.Moreover,their research trends were prospected.The main research trends include:(1)the medium-and long-term chemical durability,corrosion laws and corrosion mechanism,and the physical properties,irradiation resistance and thermal stability of phosphate glass-ceramic wasteforms;(2)the simple preparation technologies for synthesizing phosphate glass-ceramic wasteforms and their principles,and their influence on the erosion and life span of equipment and electrodes.

关 键 词：核废料 玻璃陶瓷固化 磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷 稳定性 制备技术 

分 类 号：TQ171[化学工程—玻璃工业]