水汽辐射计在射电干涉仪中的应用  

Application of Water Vapor Radiometer in Radio Interferometer

作　　者：张镭 张波[1] 董健[1] 徐双敬 孙焱 文世铭 ZHANG Lei;ZHANG Bo;DONG Jian;XU Shuang-jing;SUN Yan;WEN Shi-ming(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;U-niversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Tech University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]上海科技大学,上海200030

出　　处：《天文学进展》2021年第4期490-510,共21页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会天文联合基金(U1831136,U2031212)。

摘　　要：射电干涉仪通过获取同一天体的信号到达多台射电天线的时间延迟来实现信号相关,并由此组成高角分辨率的射电望远镜,在天体的精细成图以及高精度定位方面发挥了重要作用。在射电干涉仪观测中,大气中的湿性成分——水汽,造成与天体位置和结构无关的额外延迟,具有变化快、规律性低的特性,难以建立精确的模型,因此需要对其进行校正。水汽辐射计是测量大气中水汽含量的重要观测设备,可用于校正水汽引起的时延,纠正射电干涉的相位波动。相比于其他水汽探测方法,水汽辐射计具有更高的时间分辨率。介绍了水汽辐射计的原理、研究进展以及在国内外射电干涉仪中的应用情况,最后展望了水汽辐射计将来的发展趋势。The radio interferometer achieves signal correlation by acquiring the time delays of the signal from a common celestial objects between radio telescopes,and thus forms a radio telescope with high angular resolution,which plays an important role in fine mapping and high precision positioning of celestial objects.However,as a wet component of the atmosphere,water vapor in radio interferometer observation results in extra delay independent of the position and structure of celestial bodies,which has the characteristics of fast variation and low regularity,hence it is difficult to establish an accurate model.Accordingly,the delay due to water vapor needs to be corrected.Water vapour radiometer is an important observation equipment for measuring water vapour content in the atmosphere.It can be used to correct the time delay caused by water vapour to reduce the phase fluctuation of radio interference.Compared with other water vapor detection methods,the water vapor radiometer has higher time resolution.In this paper,the principle,research progress and application of water vapour radiometer in radio interferometers are introduced.Finally,the trend of water vapour radiometer development in the future is prospected.

关 键 词：水汽辐射计 射电干涉 大气廓线反演 对流层延迟 

分 类 号：P164[天文地球—天文学]