干旱绿洲区骏枣作物系数及灌溉制度  

Crop Coefficient and Irrigation System of Jujube in Arid Oasis Area

作　　者：张波 吕廷波[1,2] 赵秀杰 周小杰 邢猛 张云蕾 ZHANG Bo;LYU Ting-bo;ZHAO Xiu-jie;ZHOU Xiao-jie;XING Meng;ZHANG Yun-lei(College of Water Conservancy and Building Engineering,Shihezi University,Xinjiang Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corps,Xinjiang Shihezi 832000,China;Water Resources Management Center of the 14th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Xinjiang Kunyu 848100,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆生产建设兵团第十四师水资源管理中心,新疆昆玉848100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第11期2356-2363,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-1);新疆生产建设兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-202006)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究南疆干旱绿洲区滴灌条件下不同灌溉定额骏枣作物系数及灌溉制度。【方法】运用水量平衡原理和Penman-Monteith公式,计算骏枣的耗水量和确定其在不同灌溉定额下的作物系数,试验共设4个灌溉定额,每个定额3次重复。【结果】灌溉定额为420 m^(3)/667 m^(2)时,下一次灌水前与本次差值为0.24%,两次灌水前土壤含水率基本相等,骏枣消耗量和田间土壤蒸发量与灌水量基本相等,灌水量较为合理。不同灌溉定额骏枣生育期总耗水量变化范围为598.46~714.08 mm,整个生育期耗水规律为:萌芽展叶期<果实成熟期<果实膨大期<花果期,果实膨大期和花果期耗水模数68.36%~72.91%。参考作物蒸发蒸腾量ET 0先增加后减小,呈抛物线型变化;骏枣作物系数,萌芽展叶期0.33~0.39,花果期0.85~1.07,果实膨大期0.80~0.94,果实成熟期0.44~0.47。【结论】在干旱绿洲区W2灌水处理比较适宜骏枣生长发育,其产量最高(516.81 kg/667 m^(2))、灌溉水分生产率最大(1.23 kg/m^(3)),相应的作物系数为萌芽展叶期0.35,花果期0.93,果实膨大期0.86,果实成熟期0.46。综合考虑灌水和产量效益,骏枣全生育期最佳的灌溉制度为420/667 m^(2),共灌水9次。【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the crop coefficient and irrigation system of jujube with different irrigation quota under drip irrigation in the arid oasis area of Southern Xinjiang.【Method】Using the principle of water balance and penman-Monteith formula,the water consumption of jujube was calculated and the crop coefficients of jujube under different irrigation quotas were determined.Four irrigation quotas were set in the experiment,and each quota was repeated three times.【Result】When the irrigation quota was 420 m^(3)/667 m^(2),the difference between the next irrigation and this one was 0.24%,and the soil moisture content was basically the same before the two irrigations,the consumption of jujube and the evaporation of field soil were basically equal to the irrigation water,and the irrigation water was more reasonable.The total water consumption of jujube with different irrigation quota during the growth period ranged from 598.46-714.08 mm,and the water consumption rule during the whole growth period was as follows:Germination and Spreading stage<Fruit Ripening Stage<Fruit Swelling Stage<Flowering and Fruiting Stage.Water consumption modulus 68.36%-72.91%at Flowering and Fruiting Stage and Germination and Spreading Stage.The reference crop evapotranspiration ET 0 increased first and then decreased,showing a parabolic change.The crop coefficient of Jujube was 0.33-0.39 in Germination and Spreading Stage,0.85-1.07 in Flowering and Fruiting Stage,0.80-0.94 in Fruit Swelling Stage and 0.44-0.47 in Fruit Ripening Stage.【Conclusion】The W2 irrigation treatment was more suitable for jujube growth and development,with the highest yield(516.81 kg/667 m^(2))and the highest water use efficiency(1.23 kg/m^(3)).The corresponding crop coefficients were 0.35 in the Germination and Spreading Stage,0.93 in the Flowering and Fruiting Stage,0.86 in the Fruit Swelling Stage and 0.46 in the Fruit Ripening Stage.Considering the irrigation and yield benefit,the best irrigation system for jujube in the whol

关 键 词：骏枣 滴灌 耗水量 作物系数 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]