硝态氮与铵态氮不同比例配施对文山三七生长及药用成分的影响  

Effects of Different Application Ratios of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen on Growth and Medicinal Components of Panax notoginseng

作　　者：霍跃文 金航[2] 王馨[2] 李林玉[2] 杨雁[2] 马维思[2] 李复兴 杨斌[2] 李华[2] 易芳 刘莉[2] HUO Yue-wen;JIN Hang;WANG Xin;LI Lin-yu;YANG Yan;MA Wei-si;LI Fu-xing;YANG Bin;LI Hua;YI Fang;LIU Li(College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Songhua Sub-district Office Panlong District Kunming City,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650205 [3]昆明市盘龙区松花街道办事处,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第11期2422-2428,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省工业和信息化厅项目“二万亩云南道地药材三七规模化规范化生产基地建设”;云南省产业技术领军人才专项(YNWR-CYJS-2017-043);云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所刘莉科技特派员。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同形态氮素配比施肥对于三七产量的影响,为减少不合理施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以云南文山二年生三七(Panax notoginseng(BurK.)F.H.Chen)为试材,设计5个硝态氮与铵态氮配比的氮肥处理,分别为T1硝态氮:铵态氮=100:0、T2硝态氮:铵态氮=75:25、T3硝态氮:铵态氮=50:50、T4硝态氮:铵态氮=25:75、T5硝态氮:铵态氮=0:100,分析比较在不同追肥时期施用不同配比的硝态氮与铵态氮对植株农艺性状、生物量、养分含量和皂苷含量的影响。【结果】硝态氮与铵态氮配比75:25时三七生物量及产量最高;随着施用NH_(4)^(+)-N比例的增加,植株根茎叶N含量呈上升趋势,皂苷含量先升高后降低;皂苷含量在硝态氮与铵态氮配比75:25时最大,并显著高于其他处理。【结论】不同氮素形态配比施肥对二年生三七生长及皂苷含量积累有显著影响;单一施用NO_(3)^(-)-N或NH_(4)^(+)-N效果差,混合氮源施肥更利于二年生三七生长,硝态氮与铵态氮配比75:25时,二年生三七生长和药用成分积累状况最佳。【Objective】The effects of fertilization with different forms of nitrogen ratios on the yield of Panax notoginseng were studied to provide a scientific basis for reducing unreasonable fertilization.【Method】In the present study,using two-year-old Panax notoginseng as the test material,five nitrogen fertilizer treatments with different ratios of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were designed,which were T1(NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N=100:0),T2(NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N=75:25),T3(NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N=50:50),T4(NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N=25:75),T5(NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N=0:100).The effects of different treatments on the agronomic characteristics,biomass,nutrient content and saponin content of Panax notoginseng plant were analyzed and compared at different topdressing periods.【Result】The biomass and yield were the highest when NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N was 75:25.With the increase of NH_(4)^(+)-Namount,the N contents in the roots,stems and leaves of the plant showed an upward trend,and the content of saponin increased first and then decreased.The content of saponin reached the maximum when NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N was 75:25,and was significantly higher than other treatments.【Conclusion】The fertilization of different nitrogen forms had a significant effect on the growth and saponins accumulation of biennial Panax notoginseng.Single application of NO_(3)^(-)-N or NH_(4)^(+)-N had a poor effect,and mixed nitrogen fertilization was more conducive to the growth of biennial Panax notoginseng.At the ratio of 75:25(NO_(3)^(-)-N:NH_(4)^(+)-N),the growth and accumulation of medicinal ingredients in two-year-old Panax notoginseng was the best.

关 键 词：三七 硝态氮 铵态氮 生长发育 皂苷 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]