稻田养鸭对不同秸秆还田方式下秸秆降解效应及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Raising Ducks in Paddy Field on Straw Degradation and Soil Fertility Under Different Straw Returning Methods

作　　者：吕广动 黄璜[1] 张印 马微微 周晶 隆斌庆 罗志嘉 LYU Guang-dong;HUANG Huang;ZHANG Yin;MA Wei-wei;ZHOU Jing;LONG Bin-qing;LUO Zhi-jia(College of Agronomy of Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Rice Field Ecological Cultivation Engineering and Technology Research Center,Hunan Changsha 410128,China;Hengyang Academy of Agricuitural Sciences,Hunan Hengyang 421101,China;Loudi Polytechnic College,Hunan Loudi 417000,China;Xiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hunan Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [2]衡阳市农业科学院,湖南衡阳421101 [3]娄底职业技术学院,湖南娄底417000 [4]湘西土家族苗族自治州农业科学研究院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第11期2445-2451,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2018YFD0301003);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(18C0132)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究稻田养鸭对不同秸秆还田方式下秸秆降解效应及土壤肥力的影响,探索稻田养鸭模式下绿色培肥方式。【方法】试验以秸秆不还田处理(BR)为对照,设置秸秆不还田耦合养鸭处理(BD)、秸秆直接还田处理(ZR)、秸秆直接还田耦合养鸭处理(ZD)、秸秆粉碎还田处理(FR)、秸秆粉碎还田耦合养鸭处理(FD)共6个处理,测定秸秆失重率、半纤维素、纤维素、木质素含量,以及土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质和pH等指标。【结果】①稻田养鸭对不同还田方式下的秸秆降解均有促进作用,其中以FD处理效果较好;②60 d时,FD处理的秸秆失重率达到62.50%,较FR、ZD和ZR处理增加了0.27%~5.25%。③FD处理对半纤维素的降解效果最好,60 d时,秸秆中剩余半纤维素含量为3.85%,较FR、ZD和ZR处理降低了20.62%~47.97%;④秸秆还田和稻田养鸭较对照均可以有效改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤肥力,并以FD处理效果较好,成熟期FD处理的土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和有机质含量较BR处理分别提高了2.99%、7.31%、5.36%、14.58%和11.94%,且均达到显著性差异(P<0.05)。【结论】稻田养鸭可以有效的促进秸秆降解,有利于提高秸秆还田的培肥效果,有利于水稻生产的可持续发展。【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effects of raising ducks in paddy field on straw degradation and soil fertility under different straw returning methods and solve the problem of green fertilization under the mode of raising ducks in paddy fields.【Method】Six treatments[the straw non-returning(BR)(as a control),straw non-returning coupled with duck raising(BD),complete straw returning(ZR),complete straw returning coupled with duck raising(ZD),crushed straw returning(FR),crushed straw returning coupled with duck raising(FD)]were set,and the straw weight loss rate,hemicellulose,cellulose,lignin,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,organic matter and pH were measured.【Result】(i)Raising ducks in paddy field could promote the degradation of straw under different straw returning methods,and the FD had a better effect.(ii)After 60 days,the weight loss rate of FD reached 62.50%,which was an increase of 0.27%to 5.25%compared with FR,ZD and ZR.(iii)FD had the best degradation effect on hemicellulose.After 60 days,the remaining hemicellulose content in straw of FD was 3.85%,which was lower than FR,ZD and ZR of 20.62%to 47.97%.(iv)Compared with the control,straw returning and duck raising could effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility,and FD had a better effect.Compared with BR,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter content of FD increased by 2.99%,7.31%,5.36%,14.58%and 11.94%,and all reached significant differences(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Raising ducks in paddy field can effectively promote straw degradation,improve the fertility effect of returning straw to the field,and benefit the sustainable development of rice production.

关 键 词：稻田养鸭 秸秆降解 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]