厢作、平作下不同稻田生态种养模式对杂草群落及物种多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Ecological Cultivation Patterns on Weed Community and Species Diversity in Paddy Field Under Chamber and Flat Cropping

作　　者：孟祥杰 梁玉刚 陈璐[1,3] 王忍 龚向胜 张印 马微微 袁娇 黄璜 陈灿[1,3] MENG Xiang-jie;LIANG Yu-gang;CHEN Lu;WANG Ren;GONG Xiang-sheng;ZHANG Yin;MA Wei-wei;YUAN Jiao;HUANG Huang;CHEN Can(College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Changsha 410128,China;Rice Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hunan Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Rice Field Ecological Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center,Hunan Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省农业科学院水稻研究所,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第11期2482-2489,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湘北水稻生态优质技术集成与示范(2018YFD0301003)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究厢作及平作中不同稻田生态种养模式的稻田杂草群落变化趋势及控草效果。【方法】对平作养鱼、平作养鸭、平作水稻及厢作养鱼、厢作养鸭、厢作水稻的杂草群落、防效进行调查。【结果】厢作与平作中杂草种类相差较大,水稻平作的中后期,主要以单子叶、一年生杂草危害,水稻厢作的前期,主要以一年生、单子叶杂草危害;水稻平作的控草效果优于水稻厢作,平作养鸭及养鱼的密度防效为90.28%、98.61%,厢作养鸭及养鱼的密度防效为88.00%、67.00%。厢作养鸭、养鱼的Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数及物种丰富度高于平作;平作养鸭的Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数及物种丰富度均高于平作养鱼;前期,厢作养鸭的Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数及物种丰富度均高于厢作养鱼,后期厢作养鱼高于厢作养鸭。【结论】稻田养鸭及稻田养鱼显著改变稻田杂草的群落结构和组成,厢作养鸭对杂草的影响强度高于厢作养鱼,平作养鱼对杂草影响强度高于平作养鸭,但养鱼、养鸭对杂草有着重要影响,起到了控草的效果。【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the variation trend of weed community in paddy fields and the effect of grass control.【Method】The weed communities and control effects of flat-cropping fish,flat-cropping ducks,flat-cropping rice,chamber-cropping fish,chamber-cropping ducks and chamber-cropping rice were investigated.【Result】There was a big difference in weed species between chamber farming and flat planting,flat cropping was mainly harmed by monocotyledonous weeds,annual weeds,and mid-late weeds,while chamber cropping was mainly harmed by annual weeds,monocotyledonous weeds and early weeds;The weed control effect of flat cropping was better than that of chamber cropping,the density control effects of flat-cropping ducks and fish were 90.28%and 98.61%,and the chamber cropping of ducks and fish were 88.00%and 67.00%.The results also showed that the Simpon index,Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and species richness of chamber-cropping were higher than that of flat cropping;The Simpon index,Shannon Wiener index,Pielou index and species richness of duck farming in flat-cropping fish were higher than that in flat-cropping ducks;In early stage,Simpon index,Shannon Wiener index,Pielou evenness index and species richness of chamber-cropping ducks were higher than that in chamber-cropping fish,and in later stage were opposite.【Conclusion】The raising farming and fish farming significantly changed the community structure and composition of weeds in paddy fields.The effect of duck farming on weeds was higher than that of fish farming in chamber cropping,and the effect of fish farming on weeds was higher than that of ducks farming in flat cropping.However,fish and duck farming in rice fields had an important effect on weeds and played an important role in controlling weeds.

关 键 词：厢作 平作 生态种养模式 杂草群落 防效 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]