铅锌镉复合污染条件玉米低累积品种的筛选  

Screening of Maize Varieties with a Low Heavy Metal Accumulation Potential under the Combined Pollution Condition of Lead,Zinc and Cadmium

作　　者：邵忱忱 牛婧[1,2] 张仕颖 包立[1,2] 夏运生 张乃明[1,2] SHAO Chenchen;NIU Jing;ZHANG Shiying;BAO Li;XIA Yunsheng;ZHANG Naiming(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Yunnan Laboratory of Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation Engineering,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第12期107-117,共11页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省重点研发计划项目“云南省污染土壤修复关键技术研究与应用示范项目-污染土壤生物修复技术研究及应用示范”(2018BC004-02);国家重点研发计划项目“高原红壤区砷镉污染农田安全利用与修复技术集成示范-西南粮食主产区重金属和农业面源污染综合防治与修复技术示范-农业面源与重金属污染农田综合防治与修复技术研发”(2018YFD0800603)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究重金属铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)复合污染土壤条件下,Pb、Zn和Cd在玉米根、茎叶中的迁移转化特征,并筛选具备低累积品种潜力的玉米品种,为污染土壤中农作物食用安全提供参考依据。【方法】在前期水培初筛的基础上,使用矿区农田原状土进行盆栽试验,测定10个常见玉米品种植株的根、茎叶及土壤中Pb、Zn和Cd含量、富集系数及转移系数等指标,并通过聚类分析获得具备低累积品种潜力的玉米品种。【结果】大喇叭口期玉米根部Pb、Cd累积量最低的品种均为通单202,Zn累积量最低为西单7号;茎叶部Pb、Zn、Cd累积量最低的品种分别为喜玉12号、红单6号、新石玉8号;抽雄期玉米根部Pb、Zn、Cd累积量最低的品种分别为西单7号、喜玉12号、浚单3136;茎叶部对Pb累积量最低的品种为红单6号,对Zn、Cd累积量最低的品种均为新石玉8号。Pb、Zn和Cd在玉米体内的富集能力表现为根>茎叶,玉米根、茎叶富集和转运Pb、Zn和Cd的能力存在显著差异。大喇叭口期和抽雄期10个玉米品种对Pb、Zn、Cd的富集系数分别为0.03~0.13、1.28~2.51、1.48~3.91和0.01~0.08、0.62~1.75、1.41~2.51,转移系数分别为0.02~0.70、0.15~0.32、0.22~1.41和0.04~0.55、0.13~0.86、0.22~1.33。【结论】通过聚类分析对比两时期的根和茎叶低累积品种类群,综合比较富集系数及转运系数得出,云瑞8号、新石玉8号、西单7号初步具备低累积潜力,可进一步筛选目标玉米品种。【Objective】The maize varieties with a low heavy metals accumulation potential are selected according to the Pb,Zn and Cd migration and transfer characteristics in root and stem leaf of 10 selected common maize varieties under the combined pollution condition of Pb,Zn and Cd to provide a reference for edible safety of crops grown in the soil with heavy metal pollution.【Method】The content,enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient of Pb,Zn and Cd in root and stem leaf of 10 maize varieties selected from the preliminary hydroponic test are determined by a pot test(the pots filled with the undisturbed farmland soil in the mining area)and the maize varieties with a low heavy metals accumulation potential are screened by clustering analysis.【Result】The Pb and Cd accumulation in roots of Tongdan 202 and Zn accumulation in roots of Xidan 7 are the lowest at bell-mouth stage.The varieties with the lowest accumulation of three heavy metals in stem leaf are Xiyu 12,Hongdan 6 and Xinshiyu 8 at bell-mouth stage.The Pb,Zn and Cd accumulation in roots of Xidan 7,Xiyu 12 and Jundan 3136 is the lowest respectively at tasseling stage.The Pb accumulation in stem leaf of Hongdn 6,and Zn and Cd accumulation in stem leaf of Xinshiyu 8 is the lowest at tasseling stage respectively.The Pb,Zn and Cd enrichment ability of different parts of maize plants is roots>stem and leaf.There is a difference in Pb,Zn and Cd enrichment and transfer ability between roots and stem together with leaf.The enrichment coefficient of Pb,Zn and Cd of 10 tested maize varieties at bell-mouth and tasseling stage is 0.03~0.13,1.28~2.51 and 1.48~3.91,and 0.01~0.08,0.62~1.75 and 1.41~2.51 separately.The transfer coefficient of Pb,Zn and Cd of 10 tested maize varieties at bell-mouth and tasseling stage is 0.02~0.70,0.15~0.32 and 0.22~1.41,and 0.04~0.55,0.13~0.86 and 0.22~1.33 respectively.【Conclusion】Yunrui 8,Xinshiyu 8 and Xidan 7 with a low heavy metals accumulation potential selected by clustering analysis and comprehensively comparing the c

关 键 词：玉米 复合污染 累积能力 转移系数 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]