辽宁携带松材线虫的天牛种类研究  

Study on the Species of Long-horned Beetles Carrying Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Liaoning

作　　者：范立淳 时勇 姜生伟 郑雅楠[1] FAN Li-chun;SHI Yong;JIANG Sheng-wei;ZHENG Ya-nan(College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Dangerous Forest Pest Management and Control,Shenyang 113122,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省危险性林业有害生物防控重点实验室,辽宁沈阳113122

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2021年第6期174-181,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-MS-279);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2019JH2/1020001);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(辽[2020]TG07号)。

摘　　要：[目的]对辽宁松材线虫病发生区内天牛种类及其体内携带松材线虫的数量进行了调查和研究,旨在明确辽宁松材线虫媒介昆虫的种类及携带松材线虫的数量,对辽宁疫区松材线虫病防控技术的研究提供参考。[方法]2018年至2019年连续两年,从5月上旬至9月下旬天牛羽化期,在辽宁省抚顺、大连、丹东和本溪4个松材线虫发生区进行林间调查,收集诱捕器内收集到的天牛成虫,带回实验室进行形态学观察和鉴定,并统计每一种的数量,2020年4月在抚顺大伙房林场调查云杉花墨天牛成虫携带松材线虫的数量,收集包网疫木内初羽化的云杉花墨天牛成虫,活体剪碎,采用贝曼式漏斗法分离其体内携带的线虫。并对线虫进行形态学和基因组学鉴定。[结果]表明,在辽宁省松材线虫病发生区共调查到9种松树天牛,分别是云杉花墨天牛、松褐天牛、褐梗天牛、脊鞘幽天牛、松皮花天牛、小灰长角天牛、双簇污天牛、灰长角天牛和钩突土天牛。其中,能够携带松材线虫的天牛共计有4种:云杉花墨天牛、松褐天牛、褐梗天牛和脊鞘幽天牛。云杉花墨天牛携带松材线虫数量的试验中,共检测了160头从疫木内羽化的云杉花墨天牛,平均携带量为513.69条·头^(-1),最大携带量为10060条·头^(-1)。[结论]根据林间诱捕天牛的数量及其体内携带松材线虫的数量,证实云杉花墨天牛为辽宁松材线虫病发生区内数量最多的天牛种群,并推测其为辽宁疫区松材线虫的主要传播媒介。大连市松材线虫发生区内褐梗天牛种群数量较多,但其是否为传播媒介尚未有定论,目前大连市松材线虫主要媒介昆虫为松褐天牛。[Objective]To investigate and study the species of long-horned beetles carrying Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the occurrence area of B.xylophilus in Liaoning,China,and to further clarify the species of vector insects of B.xylophilus and the carrying amount of B.xylophilus of the main vector insects in the occurrence area,in order to provide reference for the research of prevention and control technology of B.xylophilus in Liaoning epidemic area.[Method]From the first ten days of May to the late September in 2018 and 2019,the species of long-horned beetles were investigated at the epidemic areas of B.xylophilus in Fushun,Dalian,Dandong and Benxi of Liaoning Province.The adults were collected by traps and their morphological characters were identified and the amount was counted in laboratory.In April,2020,the amount of Monochamus saltuarius carrying B.xylophilus were investigated in the Dahuofang Forest Farm of Fushun.The M.saltuarius emerging from the infected wood wrapped by iron net were cutting into pieces and soaked into Beman funnel.Then the nematodes were isolated and be identified through both morphological and genetic characters.[Result]9 species of long-horned beetles infesting pine trees were trapped in the pine wilt epidemic area in Liaoning Province,namely:M.saltuarius,M.alternatus,Arhopalus rusticus,Asemum striatum,Rhagium inquisitor,Acanthocinus griseus,Moechotypa diphysis,Acanthocinus aedilis,and Dorysthenes sternalis.Among them,there were 4 species of long-horned beetles,such as Monochamus saltuarius,Monochamus alternatus,Arhopalus rusticus,and Asemum striatum carrying B.xylophilus.A total of 160 Monochamus alternatus adults emerged from infested wood were tested.The average number of B.xylophilus tested was 513.69 per beetle,and the maximum of B.xylophilus isolated from one beetle was10060.[Conclusion]According to the amount of long-horned beetles trapped in the forest and the amount of B.xylophilus isolated from the beetles,it is concluded that Monochamus saltuarius is the main long-horned beetle

关 键 词：松材线虫 媒介昆虫 云杉花墨天牛 松褐天牛 褐梗天牛 

分 类 号：S763.38[农业科学—森林保护学]