基于地面三维激光扫描的高山峡谷精细地形测绘  

Fine topographic mapping of mountain canyon based on 3D terrestrial laser scanning

作　　者：吴迪军[1] 张建军[1] 叶志雄 Wu Dijun;Zhang Jianjun;Ye Zhixiong(China Railway Major Bridge Reconnaissance&Design Institute Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430050,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司,武汉430050

出　　处：《工程勘察》2021年第12期54-58,共5页Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying

摘　　要：高山峡谷地区山高坡陡、通讯及卫星信号遮挡严重、高原高寒、地质灾害频发、人力不易到达,无法使用全站仪、GNSS和航空摄影测量等技术测绘地形图。结合川藏铁路勘测设计的实际需求,提出地面三维激光扫描精细地形测绘方法,制定了相应的作业流程,包括技术设计、外业数据采集、点云数据处理、DEM生成和地形图编辑及断面提取等五个步骤。以川藏铁路某特大桥大比例尺地形图测绘为例进行工程应用研究,GNSS RTK高程检测与对比分析结果表明,地面三维激光扫描地形图的等高线内插高程中误差为0.35m,仅为高山地区1∶500地形图精度指标的1/3,满足1∶200地形图和桥墩、锚锭断面测量的精度要求。Because of severe communication and satellite signal occlusion, cold weather at high continental plateau, frequent geological disasters and hardness to reach, high mountain and steep slope area is unable to be surveyed and mapped to produced large scale topographical map by using total station, GNSS and aerial photogrammetry technologies. Combined with the actual demand of Sichuan-Tibet Railway engineering, this paper puts forward the fine topographic mapping method based on 3 D terrestrial laser scanning, and formulates the corresponding operation flow of five steps: technical design, field data acquisition, point cloud data processing, DEM generation and topographic map editing and terrestrial section extraction. Taking large-scale topographic mapping of a super major bridge of Sichuan-Tibet Railway as an example, the engineering application study was carried out. The results of GNSS RTK elevation checking and comparative analysis show that the mean square error of contour interpolation of 3 D laser scanning topographic map is 0.35 m, which is only 1/3 of the accuracy index of 1∶500 topographic mapping in high mountain areas and meets the accuracy requirements of 1∶200 topographic map and section measurement of pier and anchor ingot.

关 键 词：三维激光扫描 高山峡谷 精细地形测绘 川藏铁路 

分 类 号：P232[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]