南京毒性挥发性有机化合物夏冬季源解析及健康风险评估  

Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds in Nanjing in Summer and Winter

作　　者：张子金 林煜棋 张煜娴 曹梦瑶 章炎麟 ZHANG Zi-jin;LIN Yu-chi;ZHANG Yu-xian;CAO Meng-yao;ZHANG Yan-lin(Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment,International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC),School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Minister of Education,Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,耶鲁大学-南京信息工程大学大气环境中心,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第12期5673-5686,共14页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977305);江苏省双创团队项目;江苏省杰出青年基金项目(BK20180040)。

摘　　要：本研究于2018年夏季和冬季,在南京使用吸附浓缩在线监测系统(AC-GCMS 1000)对大气中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行测量,估算其所造成的健康风险并解析VOCs所造成致癌与非致癌风险的污染来源.结果表明,采样期间南京市冬季φ(总VOCs)为105.7×10^(-9),为夏季(34.5×10^(-9))的3.1倍,以烷烃为主要物种.在健康风险方面,冬季毒性VOCs所造成的非致癌风险及致癌风险值分别为9.43和1.0×10^(-4),是夏季非致癌(5.58)与致癌风险(2.69×10^(-5))的1.7和3.8倍,而丙烯醛和1,2-二氯乙烷是非致癌与致癌风险的主要物种.最后,利用PMF模型解析5个VOCs的污染来源,分别是有机涂料溶剂源、生物质燃烧源、车辆排放源、石油化工源和溶剂源2.车辆排放源是造成致癌风险的最大来源(夏季28.2%和冬季48.0%).因此,建议有针对性地控制毒性VOCs及车辆尾气的排放,以减小可能对公众健康产生的危害.The atmospheric VOC concentrations were measured in Nanjing using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector(GC/MS)in the summer and winter of 2018.The health risk induced by the VOCs and their potential sources were also quantified.Our results showed thatφ(total VOCs)was 105.7×10^(-9) in the winter,which was 3.1 times higher than that in the summer(34.5×10^(-9)),and alkanes were the predominant component of the ambient VOCs.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks caused by the toxic VOCs were estimated to be 9.43 and 1.0×10^(-4) in the winter,respectively,exceeding that in the summer by a factor of 1.7 and 3.8.Acrolein and 1,2-dichloroethane were the dominant species contributing to non-cancer and cancer risks,respectively.Using a positive factorization matrix(PMF)model,the five sources for health risks were identified,including solvent coating materials,biomass burning vehicle emissions,petrochemical refinery,and solvent usage.Note that vehicle emissions contributed the largest fraction(28.2%in summer and 48.0%in winter)to carcinogenic risk in Nanjing.Thus,we highlighted that the strict reduction of specific VOCs from vehicle emissions would decrease the threats to human health in Nanjing City.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物(VOCs) 来源解析 健康风险 致癌和非致癌风险 源分摊 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4