武汉典型饮用水水源中典型 POPs污染特征与健康风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Typical POPs in Typical Drinking Water Sources in Wuhan

作　　者：张坤锋 付青[1,2] 涂响[1,2] 昌盛[1,2] 樊月婷 孙兴滨[3] 王山军[1,2] ZHANG Kun-feng;FU Qing;TU Xiang;CHANG Sheng;FAN Yue-ting;SUN Xing-bin;WANG Shan-jun(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京100012 [3]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第12期5836-5847,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2020-JY-005)。

摘　　要：为了揭示武汉典型饮用水水源中典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)的污染特征与风险水平,采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱定性定量分析法,对武汉长江及其支流上18个典型集中式饮用水水源地,共26个采样点水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)浓度进行了检测,分析了POPs的污染水平,并开展健康风险评估.结果表明,26个采样点均有PAHs检出,除苯并[k]荧蒽检出率为88.46%外,其他15种单体检出率均为100.00%,多环芳烃累积ρ(ΣPAHs)检出范围为57.04~475.79 ng·L^(-1),平均值为173.86 ng·L^(-1).PAHs污染程度总体较低,PAHs主要以中低环芳烃为主,来源于以石油源为主的混合源.共有8种OCPs被检出,(ΣOCPs)范围为ND~4.57 ng·L^(-1),平均值为0.78 ng·L^(-1),OCPs浓度水平相对较低.共有24种PCBs被检出,ρ(ΣPCBs)范围为ND~77.49 ng·L^(-1),平均值为9.88 ng·L^(-1),PCBs主要以不易降解的高氯联苯为主,部分点位PCBs浓度超过我国地表水环境质量标准限值,HeptaCBs-180物质需要引起持续关注.健康风险评估结果显示,研究区域内PAHs和PCBs的致癌风险指数均处于10^(-6)~10^(-4),对人体可能产生潜在的致癌风险;OCPs和PCBs的非致癌风险指数均小于1,不会对人体产生非致癌风险.To identify the pollution characteristics and risk level of common persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in drinking water sources in Wuhan,solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPE-GC-MS)was used to analyze 26 water samples from 18 drinking water sources located in the mainstream and tributaries of the Changjiang River,Wuhan.The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),organochloride pesticides(OCPs),and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were measured,the pollution status of the common POPs was analyzed,and their health risks were assessed.The results showed the presence of PAHs in all the 26 samples.Except for benzo(k)fluoranthene,which had a detection rate of 88.46%,the detection rates of the other 15 PAHs were 100.00%.The detection range ofρ(ΣPAHs)was 57.04-475.79 ng·L^(-1),with an average of 173.86 ng·L^(-1).The pollution levels of PAHs were overall low and the PAHs mainly comprised low and medium cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons derived from a mixed source,and dominated by petroleum derivatives.A total of eight OCPs were detected,and the range of(ΣOCPs)was ND-4.57 ng·L^(-1) with a mean concentration of 0.78 ng·L^(-1),which indicated that the concentration levels of OCPs were relatively low.A total of 24 types of PCBs were detected,and the range ofρ(ΣPCBs)was ND-77.49 ng·L^(-1) with a mean of 9.88 ng·L^(-1).The PCBs mainly comprised refractory high-chlorinated biphenyls,and the concentrations of PCBs in some samples exceeded the limit of the surface water standard in China.Our results suggest that the concentration of HeptaCBs-180 should be continuously monitored in the future.The results of the health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk indexes of PAHs and PCBs in our study area were in the range of 10^(-6) to 10^(-4),which may pose a potential carcinogenic risk to humans.The non-carcinogenic risk indexes of OCPs and PCBs were less than 1,and did not pose a non-carcinogenic risk to humans.

关 键 词：武汉 长江 饮用水水源地 持久性有机污染物(POPs) 健康风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]