嘉兰百合在兰州地区日光温室引种试验  

Introduction test of Gloriosa superba L.in Lanzhou solar greenhouse

作　　者：余志伟 代立兰 赵亚兰 张怀山[2] 徐琼[1] 谢薇 YU Zhiwei;DAI Lilan;ZHAO Yalan;ZHANG Huaishan;XU Qiong;XIE Wei(Lanzhou Agricultural Technology Research and Extension Center,Lanzhou Gansu 730010,China;Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China;Lanzhou Jinzhilan Horticulture Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou Gansu 730303,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730010 [2]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州730050 [3]兰州金之兰园艺科技有限公司,甘肃兰州730303

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2021年第6期57-61,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目(18Y1N138);甘肃省中药材产业科技攻关项目(GYC2014-05)。

摘　　要：为了丰富兰州地区药赏两用植物资源,从荷兰引进嘉兰百合(Gloriosa superba L.)品种3个,分别为地狱火(Hellfire)、布鲁恩(Brunn)和石头(Stone),引种在日光温室内进行生长开花习性、种球更新观测以及分级栽培、切花短截试验和经济效益分析。结果表明,嘉兰百合3个品种4月初播种,初花期6月5—7日。植株长至8~15对叶片时抽生花茎1~3个,单茎开花4~5朵,单朵花期11~13 d,单茎开花期17~27 d,整株开花期58~60 d,温室内整体花期约90 d。花后51~53 d种子成熟,种子收获后24~26 d叶片发黄脱落、种球成熟、采收。3个品种中,布恩鲁(T2)的平均株高、花长、蕾径和蕾长均最大,分别为148.30 cm、84.27 mm、20.66 mm和41.64 mm,单株花朵数最多(8.20个),繁殖系数最大(2.20),与T1(地狱火)和T3(石头)比较差异显著(P<0.05);在对布鲁恩进行分级栽培、切花短截试验中发现:不短截(T5)与短截(T4)相比,其繁殖系数(2.08)、新生种球单支长(16.01 cm)均高于短截处理(T4)的相应值,但差异不显著;分级栽培大种球(T6)比小种球(T5)繁殖系数显著提高15%。该试验中新生种球一级品占9.31%,二级品占23.21%,三级品占25.43%,四级品占20.22%,鲜切花以及种球的综合收益达229.88万元/hm2。以上结果说明,种植嘉兰百合经济效益十分可观;引进的3个品种均适宜在兰州地区日光温室推广种植,其中布鲁恩表现更优异;头茬鲜切花收获后不短截更有利于种球质量的形成。In order to enrich the resources of both medicinal and ornamental plants in Lanzhou,three introduced varieties of Gloriosa superba L.of Hellfire,Brunn and Stone were come from the Netherlands,which were introduced into the facility to carry out seed introduction into the solar greenhouse for growth and flowering habits,seed ball renewal observation,grading cultivation,cut-off test and economic benefit analysis.The results showed that 3 varieties of Gloriosa superba L.were seeded in early April and flowered in June 5 th-7 th.When they grew to 8~15 pairs of leaves,there were extracted flower stems 1-3,flowers per stem 4-5,single flowering 11-13 d,single stem flowering 17-27 d,total flowering 58-60 d,greenhouse overall flowering about 90 d and seed maturation 51-53 d post-flowering.Seed ball mature were harvest after leaves yellowing and shedding during 24-26 d.Compared with T1(Hellfire)and T3(Stone),average plant height,flower length,bud diameter,bud length,the largest number of flowers per plant and the largest reproduction coefficient of Brunn were 148.30 cm,84.27 mm,20.66 mm,41.64 mm,8.20 numbers and 2.20,respectively.Under no cut(T5) and cut(T4) conditions,the propagation coefficient(2.08)and the single branch length(16.01 cm)were higher than T4;by contraries,the propagation coefficient of graded cultivation T6(large seed ball)was significantly increased by 15%,but the seedlings were small with poor in commercial quality.During this experiment,the first grade of new seed ball was 9.31%,the second grade was 23.21%,the third grade was 25.43%,the fourth grade was 20.22%,and the comprehensive income of fresh cut flower and seed ball was 2.298 8 million yuan per hm^(2).In conclusion,the economic benefit of planting Gloriosa superba L.was very considerable;the three varieties introduced were suitable for popularizing and planting in the solar greenhouse of Lanzhou area,among which Brun was more excellent;the first stubble fresh cut flower harvest was more favorable to the formation of seed ball quality.

关 键 词：嘉兰百合 日光温室 引种试验 兰州地区 

分 类 号：S853.72[农业科学—临床兽医学]