深冷温区绝缘材料击穿及沿面放电研究进展  

Research Progress on Breakdown and Creeping Discharge of Insulation Materials at Cryogenic Temperature Range

作　　者：张传升 任成燕[1,2] 章程 滕玉平[2,3] 严萍 邵涛 ZHANG Chuansheng;REN Chengyan;ZHANG Cheng;TENG Yuping;YAN Ping;SHAO Tao(Beijing International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion,Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Haidian District,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Haidian District,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity(Institute of Electrical Engineering),Chinese Academy of Sciences,Haidian District,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]等离子体科学和能源转化北京市国际科技合作基地,中国科学院电工研究所,北京市海淀区100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京市海淀区100049 [3]中国科学院应用超导重点实验室(中国科学院电工研究所),北京市海淀区100190

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2021年第23期8195-8212,共18页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0904400);国家电网公司科技项目(52110418003H);国家自然科学基金项目(51977202)。

摘　　要：超导、空间环境模拟、生物医学与核聚变等领域广泛存在由冷却介质与聚合物材料组成的绝缘系统,放电失效问题往往存在于冷却介质、聚合物材料及两者之间的表/界面。在深冷温区,试验成本高、周期长、仪器缺乏以及安全隐患等因素严重限制了绝缘特性与放电试验的开展、规律总结、理论验证和新理论的提出。该文综述了深冷温区下绝缘介质击穿、闪络的试验成果和理论进展,侧重规律的总结和放电特性的分析、现有机理的解释以及工作展望。特别地,该文分析老化因素对绝缘介质击穿特性的影响,论述固-液、气-固界面放电行为的研究和现有模型的局限性,探讨了空间电荷的输运机制及其在深冷温区的适用范围,最后总结和评述深冷温区电荷、陷阱的测量方法和结果。该文内容有利于低温绝缘理论的发展和工程问题的解决,可为低温绝缘结构设计与优化、材料选型以及新材料的研发提供参考。Insulation systems composed of cooling media and polymers are widely used in the fields of superconductivity,space environment simulation,biomedicine,and nuclear fusion.However,discharge failure problems often occur on cooling media,polymer materials,and their interfaces.Due to high test cost,long cycle,lack of instruments,safety risk,and other adverse factors at cryogenic temperature range,the research on discharge test,discharge rule,existing theory verification,and new theory proposal is far from enough.Therefore,the experimental results and theoretical progress of dielectric breakdown and flashover at cryogenic temperature range were reviewed in this paper.The summary of the laws and the analysis of discharge characteristics were also emphasized.Furthermore,the existing mechanisms were commented and work schemes for the future were proposed.In particular,the multiple influences of aging factors on dielectric breakdown were analyzed;the research of solid-liquid,gas-solid interface discharge behavior,and the limitations of existing models were expounded;the transport mechanism of space charge and its application scope in the cryogenic range were also discussed;the measurement methods and results of charge and trap at cryogenic temperature range were summarized at last.The research was helpful to promote the development of insulation theory at cryogenic temperature range,and was beneficial to solve the engineering problems.It also provided plenty references for the design and optimization of low-temperature insulation structure,material selection,and new material research and development.

关 键 词：深冷温 绝缘材料 击穿 沿面放电 空间电荷 

分 类 号：TM21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]