12kV真空断路器灭弧室结构对电场分布影响的仿真研究  

The Influence of 12kV Vacuum Interrupter Structure on Electric Field Distribution:A Simulation Study

作　　者：王文成 张朋 李秀峰[1] 李平安 邓繁盛 WANG Wencheng;ZHANG Peng;LI Xiufeng;LI Ping′an;DENG Fansheng(College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zi'bo 255000,China;Zibo Vocational Institute,School of electrical and electronic engineering,Zi'bo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学电气与电子工程学院,淄博255000 [2]淄博职业学院电子电气工程学院,淄博255000

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2021年第11期1031-1038,共8页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2019MEE100)。

摘　　要：本文采用COMSOL有限元软件研究了均压屏蔽罩、主屏蔽罩以及触头开距对真空灭弧室电场、电位分布的影响。结果表明:主屏蔽罩端部、动静触头端部和主屏蔽罩与触头之间的区域是场强集中处,是最容易产生击穿放电的位置,也是真空灭弧室绝缘结构优化设计的关键部位。改善真空灭弧室内部结构的对称性可以使电场分布更加均匀;主屏蔽罩端部卷边方向朝内侧,能够将场强最大值从触头附近转移到主屏蔽罩端部附近,有利于触头电弧熄灭;主屏蔽罩端部卷边半径设置为3 mm、卷边角度设置为90°,有利于降低场强最大值;主屏蔽罩坡度设置为15°能够使触头附近的场强减小;主屏蔽罩半径设置为50 mm、总长度设置为110 mm较为合适;增大触头开距可以减小灭弧室内部的电场强度,但灭弧室内部的电场分布几乎不变。本文的研究结果可为真空灭弧室的小型化设计提供理论依据。In this paper, the influence of the voltage sharing shield, the main shield, and the contact distance on the electric field and potential distribution of the vacuum interrupter were studied by using COMSOL software.The results show that the field strength is concentrated at the end of the main shield, the end of moving and static contacts, and the area between main shield and contacts. These locations, where breakdown discharge occurs frequently, are key parts during the structural design of vacuum interrupter. By improving the structural symmetry of the vacuum interrupter, the uniformity of electric field distribution was enhanced. The maximum field strength was transferred from the vicinity of the contact to the end of the main shield by making the end of the main shield curling inward, which is good for arc extinguishing. The maximum field strength is minimized by setting the curling radius of the main shield end as 3 mm and the curling angle as 90°. The field strength near the contacts is minimized by setting the slope of the main shield as 15°. Setting the radius of the main shielding cover as 50 mm and setting the total length as 110 mm are more reasonable. By increasing the contact distance, the electric field intensity inside the vacuum interrupter was reduced, but the electric field distribution wasn’t changed. The results of this paper could provide the theoretical basis for the miniaturization design of vacuum interrupter.

关 键 词：真空灭弧室 有限元 主屏蔽罩 电场分布 电场强度 

分 类 号：TM561.5[电气工程—电器]