再论行政应急性原则:内涵、证立与展开  

The Principle of Administrative Emergency Reconsidered: Definition, Justification and Implementation

作　　者：彭錞 Peng Chun

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2021年第6期61-79,共19页China Legal Science

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金青年项目“失信联合惩戒制度的法治困境及对策研究”(项目批准号:20CFX019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：行政应急性原则是中国行政法学罕见的原创性概念,但也一直被批评为不利于应急法治。这是对该原则的误解。其内涵是:为应对紧急事件,基于公共利益的必要,应在事前制定法律规范,突破日常法律授予行政机关应急权力,促进有效应急,但仍须尽量持守法治价值,避免无限授权;若按照既定法律还不足以应急,则应采取违法应急措施,但事后须接受并通过立法机关、司法机关的审查,方可获得追认和免责。行政应急性原则具有法律原则的特征,亦符合我国行政法基本原则的标准,能为完善事前应急立法的程序、内容和效力以及应急行为事后审查的渠道和逻辑提供规范性指引。这一由中国学者首倡的概念,理应作为行政法基本原则,指导下一阶段的应急法治建设。The principle of administrative emergency is an original concept rarely seen in Chinese administrative law, but it has been criticized as being harmful to the rule of law. This is a misunderstanding of this principle. Its definition is: in order to respond to emergencies, based on the necessity of public interest, laws and regulations should be formulated in advance to deviate from regular laws to grant emergency powers to administrative agencies in order to promote effective emergency response, although it is still necessary to uphold the value of the rule of law and avoid unlimited authorization. When established laws are not sufficient for emergency response, illegal emergency measures should be taken, but they must be reviewed ex post facto by the legislature and judiciary before they can be exempted from legal liabilities. The principle of administrative emergency has the characteristics of legal principles, and it also conforms to the standards of the basic principles in China’s administrative law. It can provide normative guidance for the improvement of the procedures, content and effectiveness of emergency legislation and the channels and logic of the review of emergency actions. This concept first developed by Chinese scholars should be used as a basic principle of administrative law to guide the future development of emergency law in China.

关 键 词：行政应急性原则 行政法基本原则 事前立法 事后免责 应急法治 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]